查看“︁环己胺”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 449888458
| Reference=<ref>''Merck Index'', 11th Edition, '''2735'''.</ref>
| ImageFile1_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageFile1 = Cyclohexylamine-2D-skeletal.png
| ImageSize1 = 180px
| ImageFile2 = Cyclohexylamine-3D-balls.png
| ImageSize2 = 200px
| IUPACName = Cyclohexanamine
| OtherNames = 六氢苯胺<br />氨基环己烷
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| IUPHAR_ligand = 5507
| Abbreviations =
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 7677
| InChIKey = PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYAP
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C6H13N/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h6H,1-5,7H2
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 108-91-8
| EINECS = 203-629-0
| PubChem = 7965
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = I6GH4W7AEG
| SMILES = NC1CCCCC1
| InChI = 1/C6H13N/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h6H,1-5,7H2
| RTECS = GX0700000
| MeSHName =
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 15773
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = C00571
| ATCCode_prefix =
| ATCCode_suffix =
| ATC_Supplemental =}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C=6 | H=13 | N=1 
| MolarMass = 99.17
| Appearance = 无色至微黄的液体
| Odor = 强烈的类似鱼腥的[[胺]]味
| Density = 0.8647 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| MeltingPtC = -17.7
| Melting_notes =
| BoilingPtC = 134.5
| Boiling_notes =
| Solubility = 混溶
| SolubleOther = 在[[油]]中极易溶<br />与[[醚]]、[[酮]]、[[酯]]、[[乙醇]]混溶
| pKa = 10.64<ref>H. K. Hall, ''J. Am. Chem. Soc.'' (1957) '''79''' 5441.</ref>
| RefractIndex = 1.4565
| VaporPressure = 11 mmHg (20° C)<ref name=NIOSH>{{PGCH|0168}}</ref>
 }}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| EUClass =
| EUIndex =
| MainHazards =
| NFPA-H = 3
| NFPA-F = 3
| NFPA-R = 0
| NFPA-O =
| RPhrases =
| SPhrases = {{S36}} {{S37}} {{S39}}
| RSPhrases = {{R21}} {{R23}} {{R25}} {{R36}} {{R37}} {{R38}} {{R41}}
| FlashPtC = 28.6
| AutoignitionPtC = 293
| ExploLimits = 1.5%－9.4%<ref name=NIOSH/>
| LD50 = 0.71ml/kg（大鼠，经口）
| IDLH = N.D.<ref name=NIOSH/>
| REL = TWA 10 ppm (40 mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<ref name=NIOSH/>
}}
}}

'''环己胺'''是一种[[有机化合物]]，属于[[脂肪族化合物|脂肪族]][[胺]]。纯的环己胺是无色液体，但胺类物质通常因混有杂质而带有颜色，环己胺也不例外。它带有鱼腥味，混溶于水，水溶液呈[[弱碱|弱碱性]]，碱性比[[苯胺]]强。在[[有机合成]]中，环己胺是一种重要中间体。

在生物体内，环己胺是[[甜蜜素]]的代谢物。

== 制备 ==
环己胺的制备主要有两条途径，其一是苯胺在[[钴]]或[[镍]]的催化下加氢：<ref name=Ullmann>Karsten Eller, Erhard Henkes, Roland Rossbacher, Hartmut Höke "Amines, Aliphatic" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005. {{DOI|10.1002/14356007.a02_001}}</ref>
:<math>C_6H_5NH_2+3H_2 \rightarrow C_6H_{11}NH_2</math>
另一方法是[[环己醇]]和[[氨]]反应，通过{{Link-en|胺烷基化|Amine alkylation}}得到。

== 应用 ==
环己胺是合成其他有机物的重要中间体。例如，它是[[除草剂]][[环嗪酮]]、{{Link-en|次磺酰胺|sulfenamide}}类[[硫化]][[促进剂]]的[[前体]]。次磺酰胺类促进剂是{{Link-en|黏液促进剂|mucolytic}}、[[镇痛药]]、[[支气管扩张药]]等药物合成的重要组分。一些[[甜味剂]]通过环己胺合成得到，其中最重要的是[[甜蜜素]]。另外，环己胺也是一种{{Link-en|缓蚀剂|corrosion inhibitor}}。<ref name=Ullmann/>

== 安全性 ==
环己胺具有腐蚀性，是易燃物质，[[闪点]]为28.6°C。它的[[半數致死量|LD<sub>50</sub>]]为0.71ml/kg（大鼠，经口）<ref>''The Merck Index, 10th Ed.'' (1983) p.392, Rahway: Merck & Co.</ref>。不论吸入还是摄入均会使人中毒，吸入环己胺可能有致命危险。它很容易被皮肤吸收并带来不适感。<!--待翻译
Cyclohexylamine is listed as an [[List of Extremely Hazardous Substances|extremely hazardous substance]] as defined by Section 302 of the U.S. [[Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act]]. It has been used as a flushing aid in the [[printing ink]] industry.<ref name="Apps">
{{Cite book
| last = Apps
| first = E. A.
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = Printing Ink Technology
| publisher = Leonard Hill <nowiki>[Books]</nowiki> Limited
| year = 1958
| location = London
| pages = ix
| url =
| doi =
| id =
| isbn = }}
</ref>-->

[[美国国家职业安全卫生研究所]]建议因职业原因接触环己胺的工人在八小时的工作时间内，不要在环己胺浓度超过10ppm（40mg/m<sup>3</sup>）的环境下工作<ref name=NIOSH/>。

== 参考文献 ==
{{refList}}

{{烷基胺}}

[[Category:伯胺]]
[[Category:环己基化合物]]