查看“︁火星氧氣原位資源利用實驗”︁的源代码

[[File:PIA24201-MarsPerseveranceRover-MoxieTwin-2021019.jpg|thumb|250px|火星氧氣原位資源利用實驗儀]]
'''火星氧氣原位資源利用實驗'''（{{lang-en|Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Hecht|first1=M.|last2=Hoffman|first2=J.|last3=Rapp|first3=D.|last4=McClean|first4=J.|last5=SooHoo|first5=J.|last6=Schaefer|first6=R.|last7=Aboobaker|first7=A.|last8=Mellstrom|first8=J.|last9=Hartvigsen|first9=J.|last10=Meyen|first10=F.|last11=Hinterman|first11=E.|date=2021-01-06|title=Mars Oxygen ISRU Experiment (MOXIE)|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00782-8|journal=Space Science Reviews|language=en|volume=217|issue=1|pages=9|doi=10.1007/s11214-020-00782-8|bibcode=2021SSRv..217....9H|issn=1572-9672|access-date=2021-04-23|archive-date=2021-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424081617/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11214-020-00782-8|dead-url=no}}</ref>，簡稱：MOXIE）是[[毅力號]][[火星車]]所搭載的科學儀器進行的一個[[原位资源利用]]{{Link-en|技術演示|Technology demonstration}}，旨在測試在火星上製造[[氧氣]]的可行性<ref>{{Cite web|last=Beutel|first=Allard|date=2015-04-15|title=NASA Announces Mars 2020 Rover Payload to Explore the Red Planet|url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/july/nasa-announces-mars-2020-rover-payload-to-explore-the-red-planet-as-never-before|access-date=2021-02-25|website=NASA|archive-date=2021-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423060241/https://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/july/nasa-announces-mars-2020-rover-payload-to-explore-the-red-planet-as-never-before/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。2021年4月20日，MOXIE利用[[固態氧化物燃料電池|固態氧化物電解電池]]將火星的[[二氧化碳]]轉換為氧氣。此次實驗首次把另一顆行星上的[[天然資源]]提取出來供人類使用<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hecht|first1=M.|last2=Hoffman|first2=J.|last3=Rapp|first3=D.|last4=McClean|first4=J.|last5=SooHoo|first5=J.|last6=Schaefer|first6=R.|last7=Aboobaker|first7=A.|last8=Mellstrom|first8=J.|last9=Hartvigsen|first9=J.|last10=Meyen|first10=F.|last11=Hinterman|first11=E.|date=2021-01-06|title=Mars Oxygen ISRU Experiment (MOXIE)|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00782-8|journal=Space Science Reviews|language=en|volume=217|issue=1|pages=9|doi=10.1007/s11214-020-00782-8|bibcode=2021SSRv..217....9H|issn=1572-9672|access-date=2021-04-23|archive-date=2021-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424081617/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11214-020-00782-8|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nasa device extracts breathable oxygen from thin Martian air|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/science/nasa-device-extracts-breathable-oxygen-from-thin-martian-air-1.4544767|access-date=2021-04-22|website=The Irish Times|language=en|archive-date=2021-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423073722/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/science/nasa-device-extracts-breathable-oxygen-from-thin-martian-air-1.4544767|dead-url=no}}</ref>。MOXIE技術可能最終被廣泛地用於生產[[載人火星任務]]所需要的氧氣，[[氧化劑]]，[[裝藥]]和水（將製成的氧和[[氫]]結合）<ref>{{Cite web|last=Potter|first=Sean|date=2021-04-21|title=NASA's Perseverance Mars Rover Extracts First Oxygen from Red Planet|url=http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-perseverance-mars-rover-extracts-first-oxygen-from-red-planet|access-date=2021-04-22|website=NASA|archive-date=2021-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422000817/http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-perseverance-mars-rover-extracts-first-oxygen-from-red-planet/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

這項實驗由[[麻省理工學院]]，[[海斯塔克天文台]]，[[NASA]]/[[加州理工學院]][[噴氣推進實驗室]]以及其他機構協同設計。

==目標==
[[File:MOXIE_O2_generator.jpg|thumb|MOXIE示意圖]]
MOXIE實驗的目標是以每小時6–10克的速度製成純度為98%的氧，頻率為每個晝夜至少十次，不分季節，儘可能不受火星[[火星氣候|沙塵暴]]的影響<ref name=":0" />。

==工作原理==
MOXIE通過[[高效濾網]]獲取火星大氣成分，並採用{{Link-en|渦旋壓縮機|Scroll compressor}}對其進行壓縮，然後用加熱設備加熱，此外還要隔熱<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last1=Hecht|first1=M.|last2=Hoffman|first2=J.|last3=Rapp|first3=D.|last4=McClean|first4=J.|last5=SooHoo|first5=J.|last6=Schaefer|first6=R.|last7=Aboobaker|first7=A.|last8=Mellstrom|first8=J.|last9=Hartvigsen|first9=J.|last10=Meyen|first10=F.|last11=Hinterman|first11=E.|date=2021-01-06|title=Mars Oxygen ISRU Experiment (MOXIE)|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00782-8|journal=Space Science Reviews|language=en|volume=217|issue=1|pages=9|doi=10.1007/s11214-020-00782-8|bibcode=2021SSRv..217....9H|issn=1572-9672|access-date=2021-04-23|archive-date=2021-04-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424081617/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11214-020-00782-8|dead-url=no}}</ref>。接著利用固態氧化物[[電解]]將[[二氧化碳]]分子分解成[[氧]]（O）和[[一氧化碳]]（CO），氧原子O再結合構成氣態氧{{chem|O|2}}<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Game Changing Development The Mars Oxygen ISRU Experiment (MOXIE)|url=https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/fs_moxie_150908.pdf|access-date=2021-04-22|website=[[美国国家航空航天局]]|archive-date=2020-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203203746/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/fs_moxie_150908.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>。轉換過程需要800 °C左右的溫度<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Potter|first=Sean|date=2021-04-21|title=NASA's Perseverance Mars Rover Extracts First Oxygen from Red Planet|url=http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-perseverance-mars-rover-extracts-first-oxygen-from-red-planet|access-date=2021-04-22|website=NASA|archive-date=2021-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422000817/http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-perseverance-mars-rover-extracts-first-oxygen-from-red-planet/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

淨反應為：{{chem||2C|O|2}} <math>\longrightarrow</math> {{chem|2C|O}} + {{chem|O|2}}

==火星實驗==
[[File:MOXIE first martian oxygen production test graph.jpg|thumb|MOXIE首次實驗數據圖]]
MOXIE首次實驗於2021年4月20日獲得成功，實驗地點是在[[耶澤羅撞擊坑]]。MOXIE每小時生產5.37克的氧氣，相當於火星上的宇航員呼吸10分鐘所需要的氧氣量<ref>{{Cite web|last=Potter|first=Sean|date=2021-04-21|title=NASA's Perseverance Mars Rover Extracts First Oxygen from Red Planet|url=http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-perseverance-mars-rover-extracts-first-oxygen-from-red-planet|access-date=2021-04-23|website=NASA|archive-date=2021-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422000817/http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-perseverance-mars-rover-extracts-first-oxygen-from-red-planet/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。MOXIE每小時可以安全地製造10克以下的氧<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aboard NASA's Perseverance rover, MOXIE creates oxygen on Mars|url=https://news.mit.edu/2021/aboard-nasa-perseverance-mars-rover-moxie-creates-oxygen-0421|access-date=2021-04-22|website=MIT News {{!}} Massachusetts Institute of Technology|language=en|archive-date=2021-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421231758/https://news.mit.edu/2021/aboard-nasa-perseverance-mars-rover-moxie-creates-oxygen-0421|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name=":1" />，在理論上每小時至多可生產12克氧氣<ref name=":3" />。

MOXIE將在一個火星年（約等於兩個地球年）的時間內進行九次後續製氧實驗。一共分成三個階段：第一階段：進一步對製氧進行測試。第二階段：在日間不同時刻，不同季節和不同大氣狀況下對儀器進行測試。第三階段：在不同的氣溫下進行製氧，通過改變操作模式來檢驗生產結果上的差異<ref name=":1" />。

==意義==
NASA官員指出如果MOXIE能夠高效運作，他們將有可能把體積200倍大的基於MOXIE的儀器，連同一個25–30千瓦（34–40 hp）的發電站送往火星。在大約一個地球年的時間內，這樣的系統可以每小時生產至少兩千克的氧氣，以支援2030年代左右的[[載人火星任務]]<ref name="GFSC">[https://ssed.gsfc.nasa.gov/IPM/Final/PDF/ThursPM.pdf The Mars Oxygen ISRU Experiment (MOXIE)] {{Wayback|url=https://ssed.gsfc.nasa.gov/IPM/Final/PDF/ThursPM.pdf |date=20161222161316 }} PDF. Presentation: MARS 2020 Mission and Instruments". November 6, 2014.</ref><ref name="Maxey 2014">{{cite news|last=Maxey|first=Kyle|date=August 5, 2014|title=Can Oxygen Be Produced on Mars? MOXIE Will Find Out|work=Engineering.com|url=http://www.engineering.com/3DPrinting/3DPrintingArticles/ArticleID/8200/Can-Oxygen-Be-Produced-on-Mars-MOXIE-Will-Find-Out.aspx|access-date=2014-11-05|archive-date=2018-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812083143/https://www.engineering.com/3DPrinting/3DPrintingArticles/ArticleID/8200/Can-Oxygen-Be-Produced-on-Mars-MOXIE-Will-Find-Out.aspx|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

==參考資料==
{{Reflist|2}}

==外部連結==
*[http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/ 火星2020主頁] {{Wayback|url=http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/ |date=20200215123420 }}

{{Commons category}}
{{火星}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:MOXIE}}
[[Category:火星2020]]
[[Category:太空殖民]]
[[Category:氧]]
[[Category:科學實驗]]