查看“︁氰化锌”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
| NameEn = Zinc cyanide
| ImageFile =Cd(CN)2.jpg
| ImageName = 
| OtherNames = 
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 557-21-1
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|  PubChem  =  11186
|  RTECS  =  ZH1575000
|  ChemSpiderID_Ref  = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}|  ChemSpiderID  =  10713
|  InChI  =  1/2CN.Zn/c2*1-2;/q2*-1;+2
|  InChIKey  =  GTLDTDOJJJZVBW-UHFFFAOYAM
|  SMILES  =  [Zn+2].[C-]#N.[C-]#N
|  StdInChI_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChI  =  1S/2CN.Zn/c2*1-2;/q2*-1;+2
|  StdInChIKey_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChIKey  =  GTLDTDOJJJZVBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = Zn(CN)<sub>2</sub>
| MolarMass = 117.43 
| Appearance = 无色晶体或白色粉末 
| Density = 1.852 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (固)
| Solubility = 0.00005 g/100 mL (20 °C)
| SolubleOther = 可溶于碱、[[氰化钾]]、[[氨水]]
| MeltingPt = 800 °C 分解
| BoilingPt =
 }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| EUClass = 
| ExternalMSDS = [http://www.ep.net.cn/msds/wuzhi6/61001-11.htm MSDS]
| EUHazardSymbol = {{Chembox EUHazardSymbol|T+|N}}
| RPhrases = {{R26/27/28}}, {{R32}}, {{R50/53}}
| SPhrases = {{S1/2}}, {{S7}}, {{S28}}, {{S29}}, {{S45}}, {{S60}}, {{S61}}
| GHSPictograms = 
| GHSSignalWord = 
| HPhrases = H300, H310, H330, H410
| PPhrases = P260, P301+P310, P320, P361, P405, P501
| NFPA-H = 4
| NFPA-R = 2
| NFPA-F = 0
| LD50 = 54 mg/kg（大鼠经口毒性）
 }}
}}

'''氰化锌'''（化学式：[[锌|Zn]]([[碳|C]][[氮|N]])<sub>2</sub>）是[[锌]]的[[氰化物]]。

==性质==
白色有光泽柱状结晶或无定形块状固体或粉末。难溶于水和[[乙醇]]，微溶于热水，能溶于稀的[[无机酸]]并分解释放出[[氰化氢]]，溶于碱金属[[氰化物]]、[[氢氧化物]]和[[氨水]]形成配离子。会吸收潮湿空气中的[[二氧化碳]]，生成[[碳酸锌]]而释出[[氢氰酸]]。含有剧毒，蒸气具有刺激性，吸入后能引起[[氰化物中毒]]。口服可致死。

氰化锌可以和[[氢氧化钠]]溶液反应：
: 2 Zn(CN)<sub>2</sub> + 4 NaOH → Na<sub>2</sub>[Zn(CN)<sub>4</sub>] + Na<sub>2</sub>[Zn(OH)<sub>4</sub>]

氰化锌的晶体为[[立方晶系]]的反[[赤铜矿]]结构，含有 Zn-C-N-Zn 的直线型结构，锌为四配位，氰根离子为桥连配体。可以看作是存在两个以[[金刚烷]]为结构单元的互穿的晶格，而不是通过强键连接的。<ref name="锌分族" />

==制取==
可以从锌盐溶液中加入[[氰化物]]溶液的方法而沉淀出来，也可以由[[氢氰酸]]加到溶于[[冰醋酸]]的[[醋酸锌]]中而制得。一般采用[[氰化钠]]或[[氰化钾]]与[[硫酸锌]]或[[氯化锌]]反应制备。[[氧化锌]]与氢氰酸很难反应。<ref name="锌分族">{{锌分族|pages=714–715}}</ref>
:<math>\rm \ Zn^{2+}+2CN^-\rightarrow Zn(CN)_2\downarrow</math>

氰化锌在工业上是[[氰化法]]提[[金]]的副产物。

==用途==
工业上，氰化锌用于[[锌]]的[[电解]]提纯或[[电镀]]。电镀液是碱性的，通常认为含 <math>\rm \ [Zn(CN)_4]^{2-}</math> 和 <math>\rm \ [Zn(OH)_4]^{2-}</math> 离子。

实验室里，在Gattermann反应中，可以用Zn(CN)<sub>2</sub>/HCl代替更危险的HCN/HCl，完成芳环氢被甲酰基取代的反应。<ref>高等有机化学. 傅相锴 主编. 高等教育出版社. 第六章 芳香性和芳香化合物的取代反应. P145</ref>

此外氰化锌也用于医药和农药的制造。它在有机合成中可用作醛酮发生[[硅氰化反应]]的催化剂，<ref>{{cite journal en
| author = Rasmussen J. K., Heilmann S. M.
| title = In situ Cyanosilylation of Carbonyl Compounds: O-Trimethylsilyl-4-Methoxymandelonitrile
| journal = Organic Syntheses, Collected Volume
| volume = 7
| pages = 521
| year = 1990
| url = http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/prep.asp?prep=cv7p0521
| access-date = 2009-08-25
| archive-date = 2013-10-24
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131024004454/http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/prep.asp?prep=cv7p0521
| dead-url = no
}}</ref> 也可用于向分子中引入[[甲酰基]]。<ref>{{cite journal en
| author = Fuson R. C., Horning E. C., Rowland S. P., Ward M. L.
| title = Mesitaldehyde
| journal = Organic Syntheses, Collected Volume
| volume = 3
| pages = 549
| year = 1955
| url = http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/prep.asp?prep=cv3p0549
| access-date = 2009-08-25
| archive-date = 2012-10-20
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121020042215/http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/prep.asp?prep=cv3p0549
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>例如，[[2-萘酚]]与氰化锌、无水氯化氢反应，可得2-羟基-1-萘甲醛。<ref>
{{cite journal en
| author = [[罗杰·亚当斯|Adams R.]], Levine I.
| title = Simplification of the Gattermann Synthesis of Hydroxy Aldehydes
| journal = [[Journal of the American Chemical Society]]
| year = 1923
| volume = 45
| pages = 2373–77
| doi = 10.1021/ja01663a020}}
</ref>

==参见==
*[[氟化锌]]、[[氯化锌]]、[[溴化锌]]、[[碘化锌]]
*[[硫氰酸锌]]、[[锌氰酸钾]]
*[[氰化镉]]、[[氰化汞]]

==参考资料==
{{reflist}}

{{Zinc compounds}}
{{氰化物}}

[[Category:锌化合物]]
[[Category:氰化物]]