查看“︁氰化铵”︁的源代码

{{Expert|time=2015-12-14T03:44:05+00:00}}
{{chembox
|   Name = 氰化銨
|   ImageFileL1 = Ammonium-3D-vdW.png
|   ImageNameL1 = Space-filling model of the ammonium cation
|   ImageFileR1 = Cyanide-ion-3D-vdW.png
|   ImageNameR1 = Space-filling model of the cyanide anion
|   IUPACName = 
|   OtherNames = 
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 12211-52-8
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|    ChemSpiderID  =  140210
|  InChI  =  1/CN.H3N/c1-2;/h;1H3/q-1;/p+1
|  InChIKey  =  ICAIHGOJRDCMHE-IKLDFBCSAW
|  SMILES  =  [C-]#N.[NH4+]
|    PubChem  =  159440
|  ChemSpiderID_Ref  = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
|  StdInChI_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
|  StdInChI  =  1S/CN.H3N/c1-2;/h;1H3/q-1;/p+1
|  StdInChIKey_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
|  StdInChIKey  =  ICAIHGOJRDCMHE-UHFFFAOYSA-O
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|   Formula = NH<sub>4</sub>CN
|   MolarMass = 44.0559
|   Appearance = 無色固體
|   Density = 1.02 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
|   Solubility = 易溶
|   SolubleOther = 溶於[[酒精]]
|   MeltingPt = 
|   BoilingPt = 36&nbsp;°C（分解）
|   RefractIndex =
  }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
|   Coordination = 
|   CrystalStruct =
  }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
|   OtherAnions = [[氰酸铵]]<BR>[[硫氰酸铵]]
|   OtherCations = {{鹼金屬相關化學品|氰化物}}
|   OtherCpds = [[氨]]<br />[[氰化氫]]
  }}
}}

'''氰化铵'''（'''Ammonium cyanide'''），[[化學式]]為[[銨|NH<sub>4</sub>]][[氰|CN]]，是[[氰]]和[[銨]]的化合物。

== 用途 ==
氰化銨通常用於有機合成。由於氰化銨不穩定，所以不會用作商業銷售。

== 製備 ==
氰化铵可由[[氰化钾]]和[[氯化铵]]在液氨中反应得到：<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0020169300824470|issue=2|doi=10.1016/s0020-1693(00)82447-0|pages=143–145|title=Ammonium cyanide: its preparation and reactions with transition metal(0) cyanides|volume=89|journal=Inorganica Chimica Acta|date=1984-10|issn=0020-1693|accessdate=2018-08-01|author=Elaine S. Dodsworth, Janice P. Eaton, Michael P. Ellerby, David Nicholls|archive-date=2018-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801221027/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0020169300824470|dead-url=no}}</ref>

: <chem>KCN + NH4Cl -> NH4CN + KCl</chem>

== 反應 ==
固體的氰化銨是劇毒，攝入可引起死亡。氰化銨固體暴露是有毒的，因為它可以分解為劇毒的[[氰化氫]]和[[氨]]。

<chem>NH4CN -> NH3 ^ + HCN ^</chem>

反应可能会产生黑色的聚氢氰酸。<ref>{{Cite book |doi = 10.1007/3-540-54752-5_195|chapter = Hydrogen cyanide polymerization: A preferred cosmochemical pathway|title = Bioastronomy: The Search for Extraterrestrial Life—The Exploration Broadens|volume = 390|pages = 85–87|series = Lecture Notes in Physics|year = 1991|last1 = Matthews|first1 = Clifford N|isbn = 978-3-540-54752-5}}</ref>

== 化學分析 ==
氰化銨由9.15％的[[氫]]，27.23％的[[碳]]，63.55％的[[氮]]組成。

== 参考文献 ==
{{reflist}}

{{氰化物}}
[[Category:氰化物]]
[[Category:銨盐]]