查看“︁氰化亚铜”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| ImageFile = Alpha-CuCN-unit-cell-CM-3D-balls.png
| ImageSize = 
| IUPACName = Copper(I) cyanide
| OtherNames = 氰化铜(Ⅰ)
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 544-92-3
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|  EINECS  =  208-883-6
|  PubChem  =  11009
|  RTECS  =  GL7150000
|  ChemSpiderID_Ref  = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}|  ChemSpiderID  =  10543
|  InChI  =  1/CN.Cu/c1-2;/q-1;+1
|  SMILES  =  [Cu+].[C-]#N
|  InChIKey  =  DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYAI
|  StdInChI_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChI  =  1S/CN.Cu/c1-2;/q-1;+1
|  StdInChIKey_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChIKey  =  DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = CuCN
| MolarMass = 89.563 
| Appearance = 白色至绿色粉末
| Density = 2.92 g/cm<sup>3</sup> <ref>Pradyot Patnaik. ''Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals''. McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0070494398</ref>
| MeltingPtC = 474 
| BoilingPtC = 
| Solubility = 难溶于水
  }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
| EUIndex = 006-007-00-5
|   NFPA-H = 4
|   NFPA-R = 0
|   NFPA-F = 0
|   NFPA-O = 
| RPhrases = {{R26/27/28}}, {{R32}}, {{R50/53}}
| SPhrases = {{S1/2}}, {{S7}}, {{S28}}, {{S29}}, {{S45}}, {{S60}}, {{S61}}
| ExternalMSDS = [http://msds.chem.ox.ac.uk/CO/copper_I_cyanide.html Oxford MSDS]
| EUClass = 剧毒 ('''T+''')<br/>对环境有害 ('''N''')
| FlashPt = 不可燃
  }}
}}

'''氰化亚铜'''是一种[[无机化合物]]，[[化学式]]为CuCN。

==性质==
纯氰化亚铜是一种白色单斜结晶粉末，不溶于水、冷稀酸和[[乙醇]]，易溶于[[氨水]]、铵盐溶液和[[浓盐酸]]，在沸稀盐酸中分解为[[氯化亚铜]]和[[氰化氢]]。温度高于130°C时自燃。<ref name="zghg" />

氰化亚铜和[[硫代乙酰胺]]的水溶液反应，得到化合物Cu<sub>4</sub>(S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>([[硫代乙酰胺|ta]])<sub>10</sub>·ta。若先将CuCN置于Na<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>水溶液中，再和硫代乙酰胺反应，只能得到(CuCN)(ta)。<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ic9502436|issue=11|doi=10.1021/ic9502436|pages=3154–3158|title=Crystal Structures of Two New Complexes Produced by Reaction of Copper(I) Cyanide with Thioacetamide.In SituFormation of the Thiosulfate Anion|volume=35|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|date=1996-01|issn=0020-1669|language=en|accessdate=2018-07-04|author=Fred B. Stocker, Melissa A. Troester|archive-date=2019-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620040036/https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ic9502436|dead-url=no}}</ref>

==制备==
特定方法配制的[[硫酸铜]]、[[亚硫酸钠]]与[[碳酸钠]]溶液发生反应，生成[[亚硫酸铜]]和[[亚硫酸亚铜]]的复盐糊状沉淀，再与[[氰化钠]]和碳酸钠溶液进行反应生成白色氰化亚铜。<ref name="zghg">中国化工产品大全 上卷，Bc145 氰化亚铜，页149</ref>
:<math>\rm \ 6 CuSO_4+6Na_2SO_3+2H_2O \rightarrow 2CuSO_3\cdot Cu_2SO_3\downarrow </math><math>\rm \ +6Na_2SO_4+2H_2SO_4</math>
:<math>\rm \ 2CuSO_3\cdot Cu_2SO_3+6NaCN+H_2O\rightarrow 6CuCN\downarrow </math><math>\rm \ +3Na_2SO_3+H_2SO_4</math>

==毒性==
本品有毒 LD₅₀：1265 mg/kg，慢性中毒出现头痛、消瘦、性机能及性欲障碍、贫血、白细胞减少及[[氰化血红蛋白]]升高。吞入粉尘引起中毒时，用3％[[双氧水]]或0.2％[[高锰酸钾]]洗胃，每过15分钟给一汤匙[[硫酸亚铁]]和[[煅镁氧乳液]]。<ref name="zghg" />

==用途==
用于电镀铜及其合金、净化熔融金属和制造防污涂料，用作合成原料、杀虫剂原料，是[[Sandmeyer反应]]中的试剂。

==参考资料==
{{reflist}}

{{Copper compounds}}
{{氰化物}}
{{杀虫剂}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:一价铜化合物]]
[[Category:氰化物]]