查看“︁氯硅烷”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 424670771
| ImageFileL1 = Chlorosilane-2D-stereo.png
| ImageNameL1 = Stereo structural formula of chlorosilane
| ImageFileR1 = Chlorosilane-3D-vdW.png
| ImageNameR1 = Spacefill model of chlorosilane
| IUPACName = Chlorosilane
| OtherNames = 一氯硅烷<BR>氯代甲硅烷
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
|   CASNo = 13465-78-6
|   CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|   PubChem = 61622
|   ChemSpiderID = 55530
|   ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
|   SMILES = [SiH3]Cl
|   StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
|   StdInChI = 1S/ClH3Si/c1-2/h2H3
|   InChI = 1/ClH3Si/c1-2/h2H3
|   StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
|   StdInChIKey = KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|   InChIKey = KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYAG
  }}
 |Section2={{Chembox Properties
|   Formula = SiH<sub>3</sub>Cl
|   Solubility = 
|   SolubleOther = 可溶<ref>{{cite journal | url = http://www.epa.gov/oppt/aegl/pubs/chlorosilanes_interim_apr_2009.v2.pdf | title = INTERIM ACUTE EXPOSURE GUIDELINE LEVELS (AEGLs) FOR 26 SELECTED CHLOROSILANES | publisher = [[美国国家环境保护局|Environmental Protection Agency]] | date = April 2009 | journal =  | access-date = 2015-07-11 | archive-date = 2015-09-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924124016/http://www.epa.gov/oppt/aegl/pubs/chlorosilanes_interim_apr_2009.v2.pdf | dead-url = no }}</ref> 
|   Solvent = [[乙醚]]和[[四氢呋喃|THF]]
|   MeltingPt = 155 K
|   BoilingPt = 242.7 K
  }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
|   MainHazards = 可燃
|   FlashPt = 
|   AutoignitionPt = 
  }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
|   OtherFunctn = [[二氯硅烷]]<br/>[[三氯硅烷]]<br/>[[四氯化硅]]
|   OtherFunctn_label = 氯代硅烷
|   OtherCpds = [[氯甲烷]]<br/>[[氯锗烷]]<br/>[[氟硅烷]]<br/>[[溴硅烷]]<br/>[[碘硅烷]]
  }}
}}

'''氯硅烷'''是一种活泼的化合物，化学式为SiH<sub>3</sub>Cl。虽然氯硅烷的名称中有“烷”字，但化合物本身并不含碳，因此它是无机物。
==制备==
氯硅烷可由[[甲硅烷|硅烷]]和[[氯化氢]]在[[三氯化铝]]催化剂的存在下反应制备：<ref name="wj">郝润蓉，方锡义，钮少冲. 《无机化学丛书》第三卷 碳 硅 锗 分族. 北京：科学出版社, 2011. P<sub>142</sub>. 2.3 卤代硅烷（SiH<sub>''n''</sub>X<sub>4-''n''</sub>）. ISBN 978-7-03-030549-7</ref>
: <math>\mathrm{ SiH_4 + HCl \ \xrightarrow{AlCl_3, 100^oC}\ SiH_3Cl + H_2 }</math>
[[四氯化硅]]和[[甲醛]]的反应也可以得到氯硅烷：
: <math>\mathrm{ SiCl_4 + HCHO \ \xrightarrow{Al_2O_3, 400^oC}\ SiH_3Cl + HCl + CO }</math>
==化学性质==
氯硅烷的化学性质活泼，可以发生一系列的化学反应。
===水解反应===
氯硅烷在水中可以发生[[水解]]：<ref name=wj />
: <math>\mathrm{ 2SiH_3Cl + 2H_2O \ \xrightarrow\ 2SiH_3OH + 2HCl }</math>
水解产生的SiH<sub>3</sub>OH会发生分子间缩合，得到[[乙硅氧烷]]，而不会形成Si＝O双键：
: <math>\mathrm{ 2SiH_3OH \ \xrightarrow\ H_3SiOSiH_3 + H_2O }</math>
===重排反应===
和其他卤代甲硅烷一样，氯硅烷受热发生分子重排：<ref name=wj />
: <math>\mathrm{ 2SiH_3Cl \ \xrightarrow\ SiH_4 + SiH_2Cl_2 }</math>
===卤素交换===
氯硅烷可以和[[三氟化锑]]发生卤素交换，产生[[氟硅烷]]。<ref name=wj />

==参考资料==
{{reflist}}
==拓展阅读==
* Stephen P. Walch, Christopher E. Dateo. [http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp003559u Thermal Decomposition Pathways and Rates for Silane, Chlorosilane, Dichlorosilane, and Trichlorosilane] {{Wayback|url=http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp003559u |date=20191203195445 }}[J]. ''J. Phys. Chem. A'', 2001, 105 (10), pp 2015–2022. '''DOI: '''10.1021/jp003559u
* Rosa Becerra, J. Pat Cannady, Robin Walsh. [http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp037630i Time-Resolved Gas-Phase Kinetic and Quantum Chemical Studies of Reactions of Silylene with Chlorine-Containing Species. 1. HCl] {{Wayback|url=http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jp037630i |date=20191205035306 }}[J]. ''J. Phys. Chem. A'', 2004, 108 (18), pp 3987–3993'''. DOI: '''10.1021/jp037630i
{{矽化合物}}
[[Category:氯硅烷]]