查看“︁氯甲酸甲酯”︁的源代码

{{Chembox|Watchedfields=changed|Reference=<ref name="naer">{{Cite web|title=樂詞網--氯甲酸甲酯|publisher=[[國家教育研究院]]|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230630021553/https://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/c539595063dc1b6d6a09b42d0c67eb52/?startswith=zh&seq=1|archive-date=2023-06-30|url=https://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/c539595063dc1b6d6a09b42d0c67eb52/?startswith=zh&seq=1|access-date=2023-06-30|website=terms.naer.edu.tw}}</ref>|verifiedrevid=472248678|ImageFile=Methyl chloroformate.png|ImageSize=170|ImageAlt=Skeletal formula of methyl chloroformate|ImageFile1=Methyl chloroformate 3D ball.png|ImageSize1=170|ImageAlt1=Ball-and-stick model of the methyl chloroformate molecule|PIN=Methyl carbonochloridate|NameEn=Methyl chloroformate<ref name="naer"/>|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 79-22-1
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = RC6VA8OB2N
| PubChem = 6586
| Beilstein =  605437 
| EC_number =  201-187-3 
| SMILES = O=C(Cl)OC
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 6337
| SMILES2 = ClC(=O)OC
| InChI = 1/C2H3ClO2/c1-5-2(3)4/h1H3
| InChIKey = XMJHPCRAQCTCFT-UHFFFAOYAT
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C2H3ClO2/c1-5-2(3)4/h1H3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = XMJHPCRAQCTCFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
 }}|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C=2 | H=3 | Cl=1 | O=2
| Density = 1.223 g/mL
| MeltingPt =
| BoilingPt = {{convert|70|-|72|C|K}}
| BoilingPt_notes = 
 }}|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = 
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS02}}{{GHS05}}{{GHS06}}
| GHSSignalWord = 危險
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|225|302|312|314|330}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|210|233|240|241|242|243|260|264|270|271|280|284|301+312|301+330+331|302+352|303+361+353|304+340|305+351+338|310|312|320|321|322|330|363|370+378|403+233|403+235|405|501}}
| FlashPtC = 10
 }}|Name=氯甲酸甲酯}}'''氯甲酸甲酯'''是氯甲酸的甲醇酯，在常溫常壓下是一種油狀無色液體，但其老化的樣品呈现黄色。氯甲酸甲酯也以其刺鼻的氣味而闻名。

== 製備 ==
氯甲酸甲酯可用無水[[甲醇]]和[[光气|光氣]]合成。 <ref name="Ullmann">Siegfried Böhm, Maren Beth-Hübner: ''Chloroformic Esters.'' In: ''[[烏爾曼工業化學百科全書|Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry]].'' Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA., 15. April 2006, {{Doi|10.1002/14356007.a06_559.pub2}}.</ref>

<chem>COCl2 + MeOH-> MeOC(O)Cl + HCl</chem>

== 特性 ==
氯甲酸甲酯在水中水解形成[[甲醇]]、[[盐酸|鹽酸]]和[[二氧化碳]]。 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Toxokologische Bewertungen|trans-title=Toxicological Information|url=https://www.bgrci.de/fileadmin/BGRCI/Downloads/DL_Praevention/Fachwissen/Gefahrstoffe/TOXIKOLOGISCHE_BEWERTUNGEN/Bewertungen/ToxBew036-L.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-03|language=de}}</ref>在水蒸氣存在下，这种分解反應会剧烈進行，从而產生泡沫。氯甲酸甲酯受熱分解時會釋放出氯化氫、光氣、氯氣或其他有毒氣體。 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Methylchlorformiat|url=https://gestis.dguv.de/data?name=027050|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-03|website=GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank|language=de}}</ref>

== 用途 ==
氯甲酸甲酯用於[[有机合成]]中，将甲氧基羰基官能團引入合適的親[[亲核体|核]]試劑中（即甲氧羰基化）。 <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fischer |first=Emil |date=1914 |title=Synthesis of depsides, lichen-substances and tannins |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCFAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1173 |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |volume=36 |issue=6 |page=1170–1201 |doi=10.1021/ja02183a009}}</ref>

== 安全 ==
氯甲酸甲酯可形成高度易燃的蒸氣-空氣混合物。氯甲酸甲酯的[[闪点|閃點]]为 10°C。 <ref name="Brandes">E. Brandes, W. Möller: ''Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen.'' Band 1: ''Brennbare Flüssigkeiten und Gase.'' Wirtschaftsverlag NW – Verlag für neue Wissenschaft, Bremerhaven 2003.</ref>氯甲酸甲酯如果加热，會釋放光气。与水接触會產生氯化氢。如果皮肤接触到氯甲酸甲酯，会造成皮肤损伤。

== 相關化學品 ==

* [[氯乙酸乙酯]]
* [[一氯乙酸|氯乙酸]]

== 参考資料 ==
<references group="" responsive="1"></references>

[[Category:有机化学试剂]]
[[Category:氯甲酸酯]]
[[Category:甲酯]]

[[Category:没有KEGG来源的条目]]
[[Category:没有EBI来源的条目]]