查看“︁氯化镁”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
| ImageFile = Magnesium chloride.jpg
| ImageSize =  200px 
| ImageFile1 = Magnesium-chloride-3D-polyhedra.png
| IUPACName = Magnesium chloride
| SystematicName = 
| OtherNames = 
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 7786-30-3
| CASNo_Comment =  无水物
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo1 = 7791-18-6
| CASNo1_Comment =  六水合物
| CASNo1_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|  Abbreviations  =  
|  EINECS  =  
|  PubChem  =  
|  SMILES  =  
|  InChI  =  
|  RTECS  =  OM2975000
|  MeSHName  = 
|  ChEBI  = 
|  KEGG  =  
|  ATCCode_prefix  =  
|  ATCCode_suffix  =  
|  ATC_Supplemental  = |  ChEMBL_Ref  = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}|  ChEMBL  =  1200547
|  ChemSpiderID_Ref  = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}|  ChemSpiderID  =  22987
|  ChEBI_Ref  = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}|  StdInChI_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChI  =  1S/2ClH.Mg/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
|  StdInChIKey_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChIKey  =  TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 
|  Gmelin  =  9305
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = MgCl<sub>2</sub> (无水)<br>MgCl<sub>2</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O (六水)
| MolarMass = 95.211 g/mol (无水)<br>203.31 g/mol (六水)
| Appearance = 白色或无色晶体
| Density = 2.32 g/cm³ (无水)<br>1.56 g/cm³ (六水)
| MeltingPt = 714 °C (987 K)
| Melting_notes = 
| BoilingPt = 1 412 °C (1 685 K)
| Boiling_notes = 
| Solubility = 
| Solubility1 = 7.4 g/100 mL (30&nbsp;°C)
| Solvent1 = 乙醇
| SolubleOther = 
| Solvent = 
| LogP = 
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| HenryConstant = 
| AtmosphericOHRateConstant = 
| pKa = 
| pKb = }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = [[氯化镉|CdCl<sub>2</sub>]]
| Coordination = 六配位八面体
| MolShape = }}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = 
| DeltaHc = 
| Entropy = 
| HeatCapacity = }}
| Section5 = {{Chembox Pharmacology
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| PregCat_US = }}
| Section6 = {{Chembox Explosive
| ShockSens = 
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| ExplosiveV = 
| REFactor = }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| EUClass = 
| EUIndex = 
| MainHazards = 刺激性
| NFPA-H = 2
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 0
| NFPA-O = 
| RPhrases = {{R36}}, {{R37}}, {{R38}}
| SPhrases = {{S22}},{{S23}},{{S24}},{{S25}}
| RSPhrases = 
| FlashPt = 
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| PEL = }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = [[氟化镁]]<br> [[溴化镁]]<br> [[碘化镁]]
| OtherCations = [[氯化铍]]<br>[[氯化钙]]<br>[[氯化锶]]<br>[[氯化钡]]
| OtherFunctn = 
| Function = 
| OtherCpds = }}
}}
{{Expand English|Magnesium chloride}}
'''氯化镁'''是一种[[氯化物]]，[[化学式]]MgCl<sub>2</sub>。无色而易[[潮解]][[晶体]]。這些鹽是典型的離子鹵化物，高度易溶於水。水合氯化鎂可以從鹽水或[[海水]]中提取。通常带有6[[分子]]的[[结晶水]]。但加热至95[[摄氏度|℃]]时失去结晶水。135℃以上时开始分解，并释放出[[氯化氢]]（HCl）气体。工业上生产[[镁]]的原料。在海水和[[盐卤]]中找到。水合氯化鎂是處方口服鎂補充劑通常使用的物質。氯化鎂水溶液呈中性。

==制备==
氯化镁一般用[[氢氧化镁]]和[[盐酸]]經過中和得到：
:<chem>2HCl + Mg(OH)2->MgCl2 + 2H2O</chem>
此外，镁的氧化物、碳酸盐和盐酸反应，也能制得氯化镁。此外，[[鹽酸|氫氯酸]]和鎂亦可制得氯化鎂:
:<chem>2HCl + Mg->MgCl2 + H2</chem>

==毒物學==
鎂離子有苦味，氯化鎂溶液的苦的程度，取決於不同程度的鎂離子濃度。氯化鎂一旦滲入泥土，會造成[[鎂害]]<ref name="colostate1">{{Cite web |title=Magnesium Chloride Toxicity in Trees |url=http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/garden/07425.html |website=www.ext.colostate.edu |language=en |last=Colorado State University Extension |access-date=2025-01-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pesticide Info {{!}} Search by a chemical or product |url=https://www.pesticideinfo.org:443/ |website=www.pesticideinfo.org |language=en |access-date=2025-01-26}}</ref>。

==參考資料==
{{reflist}}

==外部連結==
{{鎂化合物}}
{{氯化物}}
{{矿物补充剂}}

[[Category:氯化物]]
[[Category:金属卤化物]]
[[Category:碱土金属卤化物]]
[[Category:化學肥料]]
[[Category:有E编码的食品添加剂]]