查看“︁氯化铟”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 477313325
| Name = 氯化铟
| ImageFile = Kristallstruktur Chrom(III)-chlorid.png
| ImageName = Indium(III) chloride
| OtherNames = 氯化铟(III)<BR>三氯化铟
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 23197
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 58TD96H03I
| InChI = 1/3ClH.In/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3
| SMILES = Cl[In](Cl)Cl
| InChIKey = PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-DFZHHIFOAF
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/3ClH.In/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K
| CASNo = 10025-82-8
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 24812
  }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = InCl<sub>3</sub>
| MolarMass = 221.18 g/mol
| Appearance = 白色片状固体
| Density = 3.46 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| Solubility = 195 g/100 mL（放热）
| Solvent = 其它溶剂
| SolubleOther = [[四氫呋喃]]、[[乙醇]]
| MeltingPtC = 586
| BoilingPtC = 800
  }}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = [[单斜晶系]]，[[Pearson符号|mS16]]
| SpaceGroup = C12/m1, No. 12
 }}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| NFPA-H = 2
| NFPA-R = 0
| NFPA-F = 0
  }}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = [[氟化铟]]<br/>[[溴化铟]]<br/>[[三碘化铟]]
| OtherCations = [[氯化铝]]<br/>[[三氯化镓]]<br/>[[三氯化铊]]
| OtherCpds = 低卤化铟<BR>[[氧化铟]]
  }}
}}

'''氯化铟'''是一种无机化合物，化学式为[[铟|In]][[氯|Cl<sub>3</sub>]]。这种无色的盐在[[有机合成]]中用作[[路易斯酸]]，它也是常见的可溶性铟化合物之一。<ref>Araki, S.; Hirashita, T. "Indium trichloride" in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (Ed: L. Paquette) 2004, J. Wiley & Sons, New York. {{doi|10.1002/047084289}}.</ref>

==制备与结构==
作为相对正电性的金属，[[铟]]可以和[[氯]]反应，生成氯化铟。氯化铟易溶且易[[潮解]]。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indium.com/products/indiumcompounds.php#indiumtrichloride |title=Indium Trichloride |access-date=2017-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603065352/http://www.indium.com/products/indiumcompounds.php#indiumtrichloride |archive-date=2012-06-03 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>在[[甲醇]]-[[苯]]混合溶液中用电化学电池法制备也有了报道。<ref>Habeeb, J. J.; Tuck, D. G. "Electrochemical Synthesis of Indium(III) Complexes" Inorganic Syntheses, 1979, volume XIX, {{ISBN|0-471-04542-X}}</ref>

正如[[氯化铝|AlCl<sub>3</sub>]]和TlCl<sub>3</sub>一样，InCl<sub>3</sub>以层状结构结晶，它由含有八面体配位的In(III)中心层的密堆积氯组成，<ref name = "Wiberg&Holleman">Egon Wiberg, Arnold Frederick Holleman (2001) ''Inorganic Chemistry'', Elsevier {{ISBN|0123526515}}</ref>其结构单元类似于[[氯化钇|YCl<sub>3</sub>]]。<ref name = "Wells">Wells, A.F. Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984. {{ISBN|0-19-855370-6}}.</ref>而与之相反，[[氯化镓|GaCl<sub>3</sub>]]以Ga<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub>二聚体的形式结晶。<ref name = "Wells"/>熔融的InCl<sub>3</sub>导电，<ref name = "Wiberg&Holleman"/>而AlCl<sub>3</sub>不导电，因为它以二聚体Al<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub>的形式存在。<ref name = "Greenwood&Earnshaw">{{Greenwood&Earnshaw}}</ref>

==反应==
InCl<sub>3</sub>是一种[[路易斯酸]]，可以和供体配体L形成配合物——InCl<sub>3</sub>L、InCl<sub>3</sub>L<sub>2</sub>和InCl<sub>3</sub>L<sub>3</sub>。如四面体的InCl<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>、三角双锥的InCl<sub>5</sub><sup>2−</sup>和八面体的InCl<sub>6</sub><sup>3−</sup>。<ref name="Wiberg&Holleman"/>

在[[乙醚]]溶液中，InCl<sub>3</sub>和[[氢化锂|LiH]]反应，生成LiInH<sub>4</sub>，这种化合物不稳定，在0℃以上分解，<ref name="downs">{{Cite book| title = Chemistry of aluminium, gallium, indium, and thallium| author = Anthony John Downs| publisher = Springer| year = 1993| isbn = 0-7514-0103-X}}</ref>它是在有机合成中的原位反应还原剂<ref>Main Group Metals in Organic Synthesis vol 1, ed. Hisashi Yamamoto, Koichiro Oshima, Wiley VCH, 2004, {{ISBN|3527305084}}</ref>，可以制备[[氢化铟|InH<sub>3</sub>]]的[[叔胺]]或[[膦]]的配合物。<ref>''The Group 13 Metals Aluminium, Gallium, Indium and Thallium: Chemical Patterns and Peculiarities'', Simon Aldridge, Anthony J. Downs, wiley, 2011, {{ISBN|978-0-470-68191-6}}</ref>

[[三甲基铟]]（InMe<sub>3</sub>）也能由InCl<sub>3</sub>在[[乙醚]]溶液中和[[格氏试剂]]CH<sub>3</sub>MgI或[[甲基锂]]反应得到；[[三乙基铟]]可以用相似的方法和EtMgBr反应得到。<ref>''Main Group compounds'' in Inorganic Syntheses, vol 31, , By Schultz, Neumayer, Marks; Ed., Alan H. Cowley, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997, {{ISBN|0471152889}}</ref>
:<chem>InCl3 + 3LiMe -> Me3In.OEt2 + 3LiCl</chem>
:<chem>InCl3 + 3MeMgI -> Me3In.OEt2 + 3MgClI</chem>
:<chem>InCl3 + 3EtMgBr -> Et3In.OEt2 + 3MgBr2</chem>
::（乙醚在25 °C的真空中除去）

InCl<sub>3</sub>在高温下可以和[[铟|In]]反应，产生低价的铟的氯化物，如In<sub>5</sub>Cl<sub>9</sub>、In<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>3</sub>和InCl。<ref name = "Wiberg&Holleman"/>

==催化剂==
氯化铟在有机反应（如[[Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应]]和[[Diels-Alder反应]]）中用作路易斯酸[[催化剂]]。DA反应的一个例子<ref>''An efficient synthesis of novel pyrano[2,3-d]- and furopyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines via Indium-Catalyzed Multicomponent Domino Reaction'' Prajapati, D. Mukut Gohain, M. [[Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry]] '''2006''', 2:11 {{doi|10.1186/1860-5397-2-11}}</ref>如下，反应在[[室温]]进行，在[[乙腈]]-[[水]]混合溶剂中负载1mol%的催化剂。第一步是[[巴比妥酸]]和[[醛]]之间的[[Knoevenagel缩合反应]]，第二步是{{le|IEDDA反应|Inverse electron-demand Diels–Alder reaction}}。

:[[Image:IndiumChlorideApplication.png|400px|Indium chloride application, reaction product is mixture of cis-trans isomers]]

这是N,N'-二甲基巴比妥酸、[[苯甲醛]]和[[乙烯基乙醚]]的多组分反应。使用催化剂，报道的化学产率为90%，反式异构体的百分比为70％。不加催化剂，产率下降到65%，只有50％反式产物。

==参考文献==
{{reflist}}

{{铟化合物}}
{{氯化物}}

[[Category:卤化铟]]
[[Category:氯化物]]
[[Category:催化剂]]