查看“︁氯化铍”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
| ImageFile = Beryllium chloride.svg
| IUPACName = Beryllium chloride
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 7787-47-5
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo_Comment = 无水
| CASNo2 = 13466-27-8
| CASNo2_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo2_Comment = 四水
|    ChemSpiderID_Ref  = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}|  ChemSpiderID  =  22991
|  InChI  =  1/Be.2ClH/h;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2
|  InChIKey  =  LWBPNIJBHRISSS-NUQVWONBAX
|  SMILES  =  [Be+2].[Cl-].[Cl-]
|  StdInChI_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChI  =  1S/Be.2ClH/h;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2
|  StdInChIKey_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChIKey  =  LWBPNIJBHRISSS-UHFFFAOYSA-L
|  PubChem  =  24588
|  RTECS  =  DS2625000
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|  Formula = BeCl<sub>2</sub>
|  MolarMass = 79.9182
|  Appearance = 雪白色易升华的固体
|  Density = 1.9 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (25°C,固)
|  Solubility = 15.1 g/100 mL (20°C)
|  MeltingPtC = 415
|  BoilingPtC = 520
  }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
|  MolShape = [[直线形分子构型|直线形]]
|  Dipole =
  }}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Hazards
|  EUHSref = {{RL1|Sammelbegriff=Berylliumverbindungen|ZVG=82790|Datum=31. März 2009}}
|  EUClass = {{Hazchem T+}} {{Hazchem N}}
|  RPhrases  = {{R49}}-{{R25}}-{{R26}}-{{R36/37/38}}-{{R43}}-{{R48/23}}-{{R51/53}}
|  SPhrases  = {{S45}}-{{S53}}-{{S61}}
|  NFPA-H = 4
|  NFPA-F = 0
|  NFPA-R = 0
  }}
}}

'''氯化铍'''（[[化学式]]：[[铍|Be]][[氯|Cl]]<sub>2</sub>）是[[碱土金属]][[铍]]的[[氯化物]]，有劇毒，室温下为雪白色易升华的固体。

==结构==
固态存在多种晶型，含有不同方式堆积的BeCl<sub>4</sub>四面体。<ref>Wells, A.F. (1984) ''Structural Inorganic Chemistry'', Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.</ref> 气相500-600°C时，氯化铍以二聚体Cl-Be<(Cl)<sub>2</sub>>Be-Cl的形式存在，温度再升高至1000°C，它完全离解为直线形的BeCl<sub>2</sub>单体，其中铍为''sp''杂化。<ref name = "Greenwood">{{Greenwood&Earnshaw}}</ref>

氯化铍常作为介绍[[价层电子对互斥理论]]和[[杂化轨道理论]]时所选用的例子。其他很多碱土金属卤化物，如[[氟化钙]]、[[氟化锶]]、[[氟化钡]]、[[氯化锶]]、[[氯化钡]]、[[溴化钡]]、[[碘化钡]]等，它们的结构都不含有二配位的碱土金属原子，与VSEPR理论所预测的结果不一致。<ref name = "Greenwood"/>

==制备==
BeCl<sub>2</sub>可通过多种方法制备，包括金属铍与[[氯化氢]]气体反应：
: <math>\rm Be + 2HCl \longrightarrow BeCl_2 + H_2</math>

也可通过用[[二氯化二硫]]或[[光气]]与[[氧化铍]]、[[氯气]]与Be<sub>2</sub>C或氧化铍在[[焦炭]]还原下与氯气反应氯化得到。

==性质==
无水氯化铍水解生成水合的[Be(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>4</sub>]Cl<sub>2</sub>，<ref>Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. (2001) ''Inorganic Chemistry'' Academic Press: San Diego,  ISBN 0-12-352651-5.</ref> 易溶于[[醇]]或[[醚]]中形成加合物，也可以作[[傅-克反应]]的酸性催化剂。

==参考资料==
{{reflist}}

{{铍化合物}}
{{氯化物}}
[[Category:铍化合物]]
[[Category:氯化物]]
[[Category:碱土金属卤化物]]
[[Category:配位聚合物]]
[[Category:无机聚合物]]
[[Category:酸催化剂]]