查看“︁氮化铬”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| verifiedrevid = 442260841
| ImageFile =Chromium-nitride-xtal-3D-SF.png
| ImageSize =
| ImageName =Chromium nitride
| IUPACName = Chromium nitride
| OtherNames = 氮化铬(III)
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| SMILES = [Cr]#N
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/Cr.N
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo = 24094-93-7
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = W46I1HZ91F
| PubChem = 90362
| EC_number = 246-016-3
| InChI = 1/Cr.N/rCrN/c1-2
| InChIKey = CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-NIYUYJRQAK
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 81581
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = CrN
| MolarMass = 66.003 g/mol
| Appearance = 黑色粉末
| Density = 5.9 g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref>{{cite book | last=Ans | first=J. | last2=Lax | first2=E. | last3=Blachnik | first3=R. | title=Taschenbuch für Chemiker und Physiker | publisher=Springer | series=Taschenbuch für Chemiker and Physiker | year=1997 | isbn=978-3-540-60035-0 | url=https://books.google.de/books?id=ssy59etLaksC&pg=PA400 | language=de | access-date=2021-09-19 | page=400 | archive-date=2016-04-09 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409125254/https://books.google.de/books?id=ssy59etLaksC&pg=PA400 | dead-url=no }}</ref>
| MeltingPt = 1770 ˚C（分解）<ref name="G&E">{{Greenwood&Earnshaw1st|page=480}}</ref>
| Solubility = 不溶
  }}
|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = &minus;117.15 kJ/mol <ref name="NIST">[http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C24094937&Units=SI&Mask=2#Thermo-Condensed chromium nitride]. NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69. [2021-09-19].</ref>
| Entropy = 37.75 J&thinsp;K<sup>&minus;1</sup>&thinsp;mol<sup>&minus;1</sup> <ref name="NIST" />
| HeatCapacity = 
  }}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS =
| RPhrases = 
| SPhrases = 
| FlashPt = 不可燃
| PEL = TWA 1 mg/m<sup>3</sup><ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0141}}. Chromium metal. CDC. [2021-09-19].</ref>
| REL = TWA 0.5 mg/m<sup>3</sup><ref name=PGCH/>
| IDLH = 250 mg/m<sup>3</sup><ref name=PGCH/>
  }}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherCpds = [[氮化二铬]]
  }}
}}
'''氮化铬'''是一种[[无机化合物]]，由[[铬]]和[[氮]]组成，[[化学式]] CrN。它非常硬，抗[[腐蚀]]性也很强。它是一种{{le|间隙化合物|interstitial compound}}，其中的氮原子填充于铬原子组成的八面体缝隙中。<ref name="G&E" />因此，它不是严格意义上的铬(III)化合物，也不含[[氮化物|氮离子]] (N<sup>3&minus;</sup>)。铬还有另一种间隙氮化物——[[一氮化二铬]] Cr<sub>2</sub>N。

==制备==
氮化铬可以由在 800&nbsp;°C 下氮气和铬直接反应而成：<ref name="brauer" />

:<math>\mathrm{2 \ Cr + N_2 \longrightarrow 2 \ CrN}</math>

它也可以由[[氯化铬]]和[[氨]]反应而成：<ref name="brauer">[[Georg Brauer]] (Hrsg.) u.&nbsp;a.: ''Handbuch der Präparativen Anorganischen Chemie.'' 3., umgearbeitete Auflage. Band III, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-432-87823-0, S. 1494.</ref>

:<math>\mathrm{CrCl_3 + 4 \ NH_3 \longrightarrow CrN + 3 \ NH_4Cl}</math>

==应用==
CrN 可用作涂层材料以提高耐腐蚀性，并用于金属和塑料的成型应用。<ref>{{cite journal | last=Vetter | first=J. | title=Vacuum arc coatings for tools: potential and application | journal=Surface and Coatings Technology | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=76-77 | year=1995 | issn=0257-8972 | doi=10.1016/0257-8972(95)02499-9 | pages=719–724}}</ref> CrN 也常用于医疗植入物和工具。 CrN 还是多组分涂层系统（如 CrAlN）中的重要组分，可使切削刀具变得坚硬、耐磨。<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Reiter | first1=A.E. | last2=Derflinger | first2=V.H. | last3=Hanselmann | first3=B. | last4=Bachmann | first4=T. | last5=Sartory | first5=B. | title=Investigation of the properties of Al<sub>1−x</sub>Cr<sub>x</sub>N coatings prepared by cathodic arc evaporation | journal=Surface and Coatings Technology | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=200 | issue=7 | year=2005 | issn=0257-8972 | doi=10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.01.043 | pages=2114–2122}}</ref>

==天然存在==
氮化铬以罕见的{{le|carlsbergite}}的形式，存在于一些陨石中。<ref>{{cite web|website=Mindat.org|url=http://www.mindat.org/min-904.html|title=Carlsbergite: Mineral Information, data, and localities|access-date=2020-03-17|archive-date=2021-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121040819/https://www.mindat.org/min-904.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>

==参考资料==
{{reflist|2}}

{{铬化合物}}
{{氮化物}}

[[Category:三价铬化合物]]
[[Category:氮化物]]