查看“︁氮化鋰”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
| Name = 氮化鋰
| ImageFile = Lithium-nitride-xtal-CM-3D-polyhedra.png
| ImageSize = 150px
| ImageName = 氮化鋰的晶体结构
| IUPACName = Lithium nitride
| OtherNames =
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 26134-62-3
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|  EINECS  =  247-475-2
|  PubChem  =  520242
|  InChI  =  1/3Li.N
|  RTECS  = 
|  ChEBI  =  30525
|  ChEBI_Ref  = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}|  SMILES  =  [Li+].[Li][N-][Li]
|  InChIKey  =  AJUFTLIHDBAQOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = Li<sub>3</sub>N
| MolarMass = 34.83
| Appearance = 紅色或紫色的固體
| Density = 1.270 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| MeltingPtC = 813
| Solubility = 會和水反應
| SolubleOther =
| Solvent =
| LogP = 3.24
  }}
| Section 3 = {{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = 见[[#结构|结构]]一节
| Coordination =
  }}
| Section4 {{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf =
| Entropy =
| HeatCapacity =
  }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalMSDS =
| EUIndex =
| EUClass =
| RPhrases =
| SPhrases =
| MainHazards = 和水反應後會產生[[氨]]
| NFPA-H =
| NFPA-F =
| NFPA-R =
| NFPA-O =
| FlashPt =
| PEL =
  }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = [[氧化鋰]]
| OtherCations = [[氮化鈉]]
| OtherFunctn =
| Function =
| OtherCpds = [[氨基鋰]]
  }}
}}

'''氮化鋰'''是由[[氮]]和[[鋰]]組成的[[化合物]]，[[化學式]]為Li<sub>3</sub>N。氮化鋰是[[鹼金屬]][[氮化物]]中熱穩定性最高的化合物，也是當中唯一一個可以在室溫下製備的化合物<ref>
{{cite book
  | last = Kumar De
  | first = Anil
  | title = ''A Text Book of Inorganic Chemistry''
  | publisher = New Age International
  | year = 203
  | isbn = 8122413846 }}
</ref>。氮化物熔點很高，常溫下為紫色或紅色的晶状固體。

== 结构 ==
氮化鋰的晶體構造相當特殊，可分為二層：其中一層為 Li<sub>2</sub>N<sup>−</sup>，其中的氮原子为六配位；而另一層只有鋰離子。氮化鋰是一種{{le|快離子導體|fast ion conductor}}且其[[電導率]]比其他無機的鋰鹽都高。目前已有許多研究是針對氮化鋰作為電池固體電極及陰極材枓的應用。<ref>US patent 4888258 (1989)</ref>

== 制备 ==

氮化鋰的製備可直接將元素氮和鋰直接反應而成，包括將鋰在純氮氣中燃燒，或是讓氮氣和溶解於液態[[鈉]]中的鋰反應。<ref>{{cite journal en| author = Barker M.G., Blake A.J, Edwards P.P., Gregory D.H.,  Hamor T. A., Siddons D. J., Smith S. E. | journal = [[Chem. Commun.]] | year = 1999 | pages = 1187–1188 | doi = 10.1039/a902962a | title = Novel layered lithium nitridonickelates; effect of Li vacancy concentration on N co-ordination geometry and Ni oxidation state}}</ref>後者產生的氮化鋰純度較高。

: <math>\mathrm{6\ Li \ + N_2 \ \rightarrow 2 \ Li_3N }</math>

== 性质 ==
氮化鋰會和[[水]]劇烈反應，並產生[[氨]]。
: Li<sub>3</sub>N (s) + 3 H<sub>2</sub>O (l) → 3 LiOH (aq) + NH<sub>3</sub> (g)

其他鹼金屬及鹼土金屬的氮化物由於其強鹼性，和水也會有類似的反應。

细粉状的氮化锂可在空气中起火燃烧，因此氮化锂必须在惰性气体中储存和处理。氮化鋰是[[超強鹼]]，其鹼性比[[負氫離子]]還要強，因此可以將氫去質子化：
: Li<sub>3</sub>N (s) + 2 H<sub>2</sub> (g) → LiNH<sub>2</sub> (s) + 2 LiH (s)

氮化锂在氢气中加热时可相继得到[[氨基锂]]（LiNH<sub>2</sub>）、[[亚氨基锂]]（Li<sub>2</sub>NH），最终转化为[[氢化锂]]，并放出[[氨]]。

由於上述的反應在攝氏 270 度時可逆，氮化锂可作為[[氫氣]]儲存的媒介，最多可吸收其重量 11.5% 的氫氣。<ref>{{cite journal | author = Ping Chen, Zhitao Xiong, Jizhong Luo, Jianyi Lin and Kuang Lee Tan | title = Interaction of hydrogen with metal nitrides and imides | journal = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] | volume = 420 | pages = 302–304 | year = 2002 | doi = 10.1038/nature01210}}</ref>

氮化锂和二氧化碳反应，生成[[半导体]][[石墨氮化碳]]（C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>）和[[肥料]]的前体[[氰氨化锂]]（Li<sub>2</sub>CN<sub>2</sub>），并放出热量。<ref>{{cite journal|title=Fast and Exothermic Reaction of CO<sub>2</sub> and Li<sub>3</sub>N into C–N-Containing Solid Materials |journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry A |volume=115 |issue=42 |pages=11678–11681 |publisher=The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 115 (42), 11678-11681 |author=Yun Hang Hu, Yan Huo |date=12 September 2011 |doi=10.1021/jp205499e |pmid=21910502 |bibcode=2011JPCA..11511678H }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://newatlas.com/co2-li3n-reaction/22620/ |title=Chemical reaction eats up CO<sub>2</sub> to produce energy...and other useful stuff |publisher=NewAtlas.com |author=Darren Quick |date=21 May 2012 |access-date=17 April 2019 |archive-date=2023-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313033013/https://newatlas.com/co2-li3n-reaction/22620/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>

== 參考資料 ==

* [http://www.webelements.com/compounds/lithium/trilithium_nitride.html WebElements] {{Wayback|url=http://www.webelements.com/compounds/lithium/trilithium_nitride.html |date=20090124044342 }}
* {{Greenwood&Earnshaw}}

{{Reflist|}}

== 參見 ==

* [[氮化鈉]]
* [[叠氮化锂]]

{{鋰化合物}}
{{氮化物}}

[[Category:锂化合物]]
[[Category:氮化物]]