查看“︁氮化鈉”︁的源代码

{{不是|叠氮化钠}}
{{Chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 451382465
| Name = 氮化鈉
| ImageFile = Rhenium-trioxide-unit-cell-3D-balls-A.png
| IUPACName = Sodium nitride
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CASNo = 12136-83-3
| EINECS = 235-232-3
| SMILES = [Na]N([Na])[Na]
| SMILES2 = [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[N-3]
| SMILES3 = [Na+].[Na][N-][Na]
| InChI=1/3Na.N
| InChIKey = ZOULLXMSYSKRPG-UHFFFAOYNA-N}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = Na<sub>3</sub>N
| MolarMass = 82.976 g/mol
| Appearance = 紅棕色或是深藍色固體
| MeltingPtC = 87
| MeltingPt_ref  = <ref name="Jansen" />
| MeltingPt_notes= （分解）
| Solubility = reacts}}
| Section3       = {{Chembox Structure
| Coordination   = 
| CrystalStruct  = 立方，[[皮尔逊符号|cP4]]<ref name="Sangster" />
| SpaceGroup     = Pm{{overline|3}}m<ref name="Sangster" />
| MolShape       = 
  }}
| Section4       = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaGf        = 
| DeltaHc        = 
| DeltaHf        = -151 J/mol<ref name="Sangster" />
| Entropy        = 
| HeatCapacity   = 
  }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = [[氨基钠]]<br>{{le|醯亞胺基鈉|Sodium imide}}
| OtherCations = [[氮化鋰]]<br>[[氮化钾]]}}}}

'''氮化鈉''' （Na<sub>3</sub>N）是一種非常不穩定的[[鹼金屬]][[氮化物]]。氮化鈉是2002年由[[馬克斯-普朗克學會]]的Dieter Fischer及Martin Jansen所合成。合成時，用鈉及氮的原子束在低溫的[[藍寶石]]上沈積出氮化鈉<ref name=Jansen>{{cite journal|title=Synthesis and structure of Na<sub>3</sub>N|author=Fischer, D., Jansen, M.|journal= Angew Chem|volume=41|issue=10|year=2002|pages=1755–1756 |doi=10.1002/1521-3773(20020517)41:10<1755::AID-ANIE1755>3.0.CO;2-C|pmid=19750706 }} {{cite journal|title=Synthesis and structure of K<sub>3</sub>N|author1=Fischer, D. |author2=Cancarevic, Z. |author3=Schön, J. C. |author4=Jansen, M. Z. |journal=Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem.|volume=  630|issue=1|page=156|doi=10.1002/zaac.200300280|year=2004}}. [http://pubs.acs.org/cen/topstory/8020/8020notw9.html 'Elusive Binary Compound Prepared'] ''Chemical & Engineering News''  '''80''' No. 20 (20 May 2002)</ref>。

氮化鈉在室溫為[[晶體]]。在低於室溫時會變成[[无定形体|非晶體]]。在攝氏75度以上就會分解為元素鈉及氮氣。
:<chem>2 Na3N -> 6 Na + N2</chem>
==合成==
氮化鈉可以用兩種方式合成：用[[氨基钠]]（NaNH<sub>2</sub>）的{{le|熱分解|thermal decomposition}}，或是將氮氣和鈉元素直接反應<ref name=Sangster>{{cite journal | title=N-Na(Nitrogen-Sodium) System | author=Sangster, J. | journal= Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion | volume=25 | issue=6 | pages=560–563 | year=2004 | doi=10.1007/s11669-004-0082-0| s2cid=97905377 }}</ref>。最常見成功製備氮化鈉的方式是用元素直接反應，由Dieter Fischer、Martin Jansen和Grigori Vajenine發現。第一種用元素反應的方式是分別準備氣態的鈉蒸氣和氮氣，並使兩者維持想要的比例，在有冷卻基質的情形下將其釋放到真空腔體中，再加熱到室溫（298 K）使其結晶<ref name=Jansen/>。 
第二種方式是讓鈉金屬和電漿活化的氮氣在金屬表面反應。此合成反應還可以用液態的Na-K合金進行。之後固體和液體可以用離心機分離。不過此方式對空氣非常敏感，在空氣下會快速分解和燃燒，只有暴露在純氧的環境下才不會燃燒<ref name=Plasma>{{cite journal | title=Plasma-Assisted Synthesis and Properties of Na<sub>3</sub>N | author=Vajenine, G.V. | journal= Inorganic Chemistry | volume=46 | issue=13 | pages=5146–5148 | year=2007 | doi=10.1021/ic700406q| pmid=17530752 }}</ref>。

==特徵==
氮化鈉的顏色從紅棕色到深藍色不等，依合成方式而不同<ref name=Jansen/><ref name=Plasma/>。氮化鈉在室溫下可以放置數週，都不會分解<ref name=Plasma/>。氮化鈉沒有熔點，在約360K下進行質譜分析時就分解了<ref name=Jansen/><ref name=Sangster/>。預估的標準莫耳生成焓為+64 kJ/mol<ref name=Plasma/>。

==結構==
氮化鈉在室溫下有90%是離子態，但是有半導體典型的[[能隙]]<ref name=Sangster/><ref name=Plasma/>氮化鈉的結構是反ReO<sub>3</sub>結構，其晶格是由NNa<sub>6</sub>八面體組成<ref name=Jansen/><ref name=Sangster/><ref name=Plasma/><ref name=Distort>{{cite journal | title=A Temperature-dependent Structural Study of ''anti''-ReO<sub>3</sub>-type Na<sub>3</sub>N: to Distort or not to Distort? | author=Vajenine, G. V., Hoch, C., Dinnebier, R. E., Senyshyn, A., Niewa, R. | journal= Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie | volume=636 | issue=1 | pages=94–99 | year=2009 | doi=10.1002/zaac.200900488}}</ref> The compound has N−Na bond lengths of 236.6&nbsp;pm.<ref name=Jansen/><ref name=Plasma/>。其結構已由X光繞射以及最近的中子繞射，針對粉末以及晶體分析所確認<ref name=Jansen/><ref name=Sangster/><ref name=Plasma/><ref name=Distort/>。
== 參考資料 ==
* [http://ctd.mdibl.org/detail.go?type=chem&acc=C003320 CTD Sodium nitride] {{Wayback|url=http://ctd.mdibl.org/detail.go?type=chem&acc=C003320 |date=20190812032655 }}
* [http://pubs.acs.org/cen/topstory/8020/8020notw9.html 'Elusive Binary Compound Prepared'] {{Wayback|url=http://pubs.acs.org/cen/topstory/8020/8020notw9.html |date=20081005164323 }} ''Chemical & Engineering News''  '''80''' No. 20 (20 May 2002)
<references/>
== 參見 ==
*[[氮化鋰]]

{{钠化合物}}
{{氮化物}}
[[Category:鈉化合物]]
[[Category:氮化物]]