查看“︁氨水”︁的源代码

{{not|液氨}}
{{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 477000138
|   Name = 氨水
| ImageFileL1 = Ammonia-3D-balls.png
|   ImageNameL1 = 氨的球棍模型
| ImageFileR1 = Water-3D-balls.png
|   ImageNameR1 = 水的球棍模型
| ImageFileL2 = Ammonium-3D-balls.png
|   ImageNameL2 = 铵离子的球棍模型
| ImageFileR2 = Hydroxide-3D-balls.png
|   ImageSizeR2 = 80px
|   ImageNameR2 = 氢氧离子的球棍模型
| ImageFile3 =
|   ImageSize3 = 60px
|   IUPACName =
|   OtherNames = 阿摩尼亞水
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
|   StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/H3N.H2O/h1H3;1H2
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 1336-21-6
|   ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 14218
|   ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 18219
| SMILES = [OH-].[NH4+]
|   UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 5138Q19F1X
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}}
| KEGG = C01358
| InChI =1/H3N.H2O/h1H3;1H2
|   InChIKey = VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYAI
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|   Reference = <ref name="GESTIS">{{GESTIS|ZVG=1750|Name=Ammonia solution}}</ref>
|   Formula = NH<sub>3</sub>(aq)
|   MolarMass = 17.031
|   Appearance = 无色液体
|   Odor = 刺鼻腥味
|   Density = 0.91 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (25 %)<br />0.88 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (32 %)
|   MeltingPt = −57.5 °C (25%)<br />−91.5 °C (32%)
|   BoilingPt = 37.7 °C (25%)<br />24.7 °C (32%)
|   Solubility = 混溶
|   pKb =
}}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
|   DeltaHf = −80 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup><ref name=b1>{{cite book| author = Zumdahl, Steven S.|title =Chemical Principles 6th Ed.| url = https://archive.org/details/chemicalprincipl0000zumd_u9g0| publisher = Houghton Mifflin Company| year = 2009| isbn = 0-618-94690-X|page=A22}}</ref>
|   Entropy = 111 J·mol<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup><ref name=b1/>
 }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
|   Reference =
|   EUClass = {{Hazchem C}} {{Hazchem N}}
|   RPhrases ={{R23}} {{R34}}, {{R50}}
|   SPhrases = {{S1/2}}, {{S26}}, {{S36/37/39}}, {{S45}}, {{S61}}
}}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
|   OtherAnions = [[氯化铵]]<br />[[氰化铵]]
|   OtherCations = [[四甲基氢氧化铵]]
|   OtherCpds = [[氨]]<br />[[羟胺]]
}}
}}

'''氨水'''（ammonia solution，ammonia water）指[[氨|氨氣]]的[[水溶液]]，写作 <chem>NH3</chem>(aq)，有强烈刺鼻气味，為具[[碱|弱鹼性]]的液体。

氨分子在溶液中发生微弱[[水解]]，生成少量[[氢氧根]]离子及[[铵]]离子，因而舊式化學書本中称为'''氢氧化铵'''（ammonium hydroxide）写作 <chem>NH4OH</chem> 或 <chem>NH3.H2O</chem>。

氨在水中的电离可以表示为：
:<chem>NH3*H2O  <<=>  {NH4}^{+} + OH-</chem>

反應平衡常數<math>K_b=1.8 \times 10^{-5}</math>。

<math>\mathrm{K_b={[NH_4^+][OH^-]\over[NH_3]}}</math>

1M氨水的[[pH]]值为11.63，大约有0.42%的<chem>NH3</chem>分子变为<chem>NH4{^+}</chem>離子。

氨水是实验室中氨的常用来源。它可与含[[化合价|二價]][[铜]]离子的溶液作用生成深蓝色的[[配合物]]，也可用于配置[[多伦试剂]]等[[分析化学]]试剂。

== 用途 ==
氨水可给土中的土壤胶体吸附和给作物吸收，无残留物质，适用于各种土壤和作物。氨水也可以作為玻璃的清潔劑。

== 参见 ==
* [[氨]] - [[液氨]]

* [[酸碱质子理论|共轭酸]]

== 參考資料 ==
<references/>

== 外部链接 ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071127011850/http://www.airgasspecialtyproducts.com/UserFiles/laroche/PDF/AAPhysical.pdf 氨水的物理性质]

[[Category:铵盐|*]]
[[Category:氢氧化物]]
[[Category:溶液]]
[[Category:照相药品]]
[[Category:PH调节剂]]
[[Category:止痒药]]
[[Category:氨]]
[[Category:有E编码的食品添加剂]]