查看“︁氧化银”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
| Name = 氧化银
| ImageFile = Silver(I)-oxide-sample.jpg
| ImageSize = 200px
| ImageFile1 = Silver(I)-oxide-xtal-3D-SF.png
| ImageFileL1 = Silver(I)-oxide-unit-cell-3D-vdW.png
| ImageFileR1 = Silver(I)-oxide-unit-cell-3D-balls.png
| ImageSizeL1 = 140
| ImageSizeR1 = 140
| ImageName = 氧化银
| IUPACName = Silver oxide
| OtherNames = 氧化银(I)
| Formula = Ag<sub>2</sub>O
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 20667-12-3
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|  RTECS  =  VW4900000
|  PubChem  =  9794626
|  ChemSpiderID  =  7970393
|  ChemSpiderID_Ref  = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}|  EINECS  =  243-957-1
|  MeSHName  =  silver+oxide
|  SMILES  =  [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+]
|  StdInChI  =  1S/2Ag.O/q2*+1;-2
|  StdInChI_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}|  InChI  =  1S/2Ag.O/q2*+1;-2
|  StdInChIKey  =  NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|  StdInChIKey_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}|  InChIKey  =  NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Ag=2|O=1
| Appearance = 棕黑色固体
| Density = 7.2 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (固)
| MeltingPt = 280°C 分解 
| BoilingPt = 分解
| Boiling_notes = 
| Solubility = 0.0013 g/100 ml (20°C)
| SolubilityProduct = 1.52 × 10<sup>-8</sup> (20°C)
| SolubilityProductAs = [[氢氧化银|AgOH]]
| SolubleOther = 
| Solvent = 
}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = [[立方晶系]] }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalMSDS = [http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/SI/silver_oxide.html MSDS]}}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = [[硫化银]]、[[硒化银]]
| OtherCations = 
| OtherCpds = [[一氧化银]] }}
}}
'''氧化银'''（[[化学式]]：[[银|Ag]]<sub>2</sub>[[氧|O]]）是对光敏感的棕黑色粉末；加热到100°C时开始分解，放出[[氧气]]及[[銀]] ，300°C时会完全分解；微溶于水，但在[[硝酸]]、[[氨水]]及[[氰化钾]]、[[硫代硫酸钠]]等溶液中极易分解。用于制取其它[[:Category:银化合物|银化合物]]。

==制备==
将[[碱金属]][[氢氧化物]]同[[硝酸银]]反应，可以得到氧化银。<ref>This publication gives the preparation of Ag<sub>2</sub>O and silver trifluoroacetate: "4-Iodoveratrole" Janssen, D. E.; Wilson, C. V. Organic Syntheses, Collected Volume 4, pp. 547 (1963). http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/pdfs/CV4P0547.pdf {{Wayback|url=http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/pdfs/CV4P0547.pdf |date=20071203133359 }}</ref> 反应首先生成非常不稳定的[[氢氧化银]]，立即分解，得到水和氧化银：
:<chem>2Ag+ + 2OH- -> 2AgOH -> Ag2O + H2O</chem>
洗涤沉淀后，必须在小于85°C烘干，但最后除去氧化银中的少量水非常困难，因为温度升高时，氧化银便会分解。<ref>Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.</ref>

==性质==
[[File:Copper(I)-oxide-unit-cell-A-3D-balls.png|thumb|140px|left|Ag<sub>2</sub>O 的结构]]
氧化银是立体的[[共价化合物|共价]][[聚合物]]，难溶于大多数[[溶剂]]中。<ref name="merck">[http://themerckindex.cambridgesoft.com/TheMerckIndex/default.asp?formgroup=basenp_form_group&dataaction=db&dbname=TheMerckIndex Merck Index of Chemicals and Drugs] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201140752/http://themerckindex.cambridgesoft.com/TheMerckIndex/default.asp?formgroup=basenp_form_group&dataaction=db&dbname=TheMerckIndex |date=2009-02-01 }}, 14th ed. monograph 8521</ref> 它在水中可略微溶解，生成Ag(OH)<sub>2</sub><sup>–</sup>离子及类似的水解产物。<ref name="c_w">{{cite book | author=[[F. Albert Cotton|Cotton, F. Albert]]; [[Geoffrey Wilkinson|Wilkinson, Geoffrey]] | title=Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (2nd Ed.) | publisher=New York:Interscience | year=1966}} Advanced Inorganic Chemistry by Cotton and Wilkinson, 2nd ed. p1042</ref> 溶于生成可溶性银盐的[[酸]]中，也可与[[氨水]]、[[碳酸铵]]、[[氰化钾]]和[[氰化钾]]溶液配合而溶解。与酸反应：
:<chem>Ag2O + 2HX -> 2AgX + H2O</chem>
:<chem>HX</chem>可以是[[氢氟酸|HF]]、[[盐酸|HCl]]、[[氢溴酸|HBr]]、[[氢碘酸|HI]]、[[三氟乙酸|HO<sub>2</sub>CCF<sub>3</sub>]]

氧化银与碱金属氯化物溶液反应沉淀出[[氯化银]]，并生成碱金属氢氧化物溶液。<ref name="c_w"/><ref name="pauling">General Chemistry by Linus Pauling, 1970 Dover ed. p703-704</ref>

它的氨溶液久置后，有时会析出有强烈爆炸性的黑色晶体，可能是氮化银（Ag<sub>3</sub>N）或亚氮基化银（Ag<sub>2</sub>NH）。
像许多银的化合物一样，氧化银也对光敏感，并且在280℃以上会出现分解。

==应用==
氧化银是[[氧化银电池]]的电极材料。它也是[[有机合成]]中的弱[[氧化剂]]和[[弱碱]]，可与1,3-二取代的[[咪唑]]盐及[[苯并咪唑]]盐反应生成[[氮烯]]，可替代不稳定的配体[[环辛二烯]]或[[乙腈]]作[[转移金属化|卡宾转移试剂]]，合成[[过渡金属卡宾配合物]]。<ref>Wang, H. M. J.; Lin, I. J. B. "Facile Synthesis of Silver(I)-Carbene Complexes. Useful Carbene Transfer Agents" [[Organometallics]] '''1998''', ''17'', 972-975. {{doi|10.1021/om9709704}}</ref> 此外，氧化银可在低温和水汽存在下将[[有机溴化物]]和[[有机氯化物|氯化物]]转化为[[醇]]类，与[[碘甲烷]]连用为[[甲基化]]试剂，用于[[糖类]]甲基化分析和[[霍夫曼消去反应]]中，以及将[[醛]]氧化为[[羧酸]]。

==参考资料==
{{reflist}}

==参见==
*[[一氧化银]]—AgO

==外部链接==
*[http://www.job-stiftung.de/index.php?id=31,163,0,0,1,0 氧化银加热分解实验] {{Wayback|url=http://www.job-stiftung.de/index.php?id=31,163,0,0,1,0 |date=20071221182646 }}
*[http://www.saltlakemetals.com/Silver_Oxide.htm 氧化银，Ag<sub>2</sub>O] {{Wayback|url=http://www.saltlakemetals.com/Silver_Oxide.htm |date=20080708185629 }}

{{银化合物}}
{{氧化物}}

[[Category:银化合物]]
[[Category:氧化物]]