查看“︁氧化亚铁”︁的源代码

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| ImageFile = Iron(II) oxide.jpg
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| IUPACName = Iron(II) oxide
| IUPACNameZh = 氧化铁(II)
| OtherNames = 氧化亚铁 (ferrous oxide)<br />一氧化铁 (iron monoxide)
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| CASNo = 1345-25-1
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|  UNII_Ref  = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}|  UNII  =  G7036X8B5H
|  InChIKey  =  UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-WPTVXXAFAB
|  ChEBI_Ref  = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}|  StdInChI_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChI  =  1S/Fe.O
|  StdInChIKey_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChIKey  =  UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = FeO
| MolarMass = 71.85 
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| Density = 5.7 g/cm³
| MeltingPt = 1370&nbsp;°C (1643.15 K)
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| BoilingPt = 3414&nbsp;°C (3687.15 K)
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'''氧化亚铁'''，是[[铁]]的[[氧化物]]之一。其外观呈藍灰色粉末，化学式为'''FeO'''，由[[氧化态]]为II价的[[铁]]与[[氧]]共价结合。它的[[矿物]]形式为[[方铁矿]]。氧化亚铁经常容易与[[铁锈]]混淆，但铁锈的主要成分为水合[[氧化铁]]。氧化亚铁属于[[非整比化合物]]，其中铁和氧元素的比例会发生变化，范围从Fe<sub>0.84</sub>O到Fe<sub>0.95</sub>O。<ref name = "Greenwood">{{Greenwood&Earnshaw}}</ref>

== 制备 ==
FeO可以在隔绝空气条件下加热草酸亚铁制得。

<math>Fe{{C}_{2}}{{O}_{4}}\underline{\underline{\Delta }}\text{ }FeO\text{ }+\text{ }CO\uparrow \text{ }+\text{ }C{{O}_{2}}\uparrow </math>

加热后的样品需要被冷却以防止[[歧化反应]]的发生。<ref>Cotton, F. Albert; Wilkinson, Geoffrey; Murillo, Carlos A.; Bochmann, Manfred (1999). Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (6th Edn.) New York:Wiley-Interscience. ISBN 0-471-19957-5</ref>


整比的FeO可以通过加热Fe<sub>0.95</sub>O与金属铁，在770[[℃]]和36[[帕斯卡|kbar]]压力条件下生成。<ref name = "Wells"> Wells A.F. (1984) ''Structural Inorganic Chemistry'' 5th edition Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-855370-6</ref>


FeO也可以在900℃条件下通过氧化铁与一氧化碳反应（在还原焰中加热氧化铁）得到。

<math>F{{e}_{2}}{{O}_{3}}+\text{ }CO\text{ }\underline{\underline{{{900}^{\text{o}}}\text{C}}}\text{ }2\text{ }FeO\text{ }+\text{ }C{{O}_{2}}</math>

== 相关反应 ==
FeO在低于575℃的条件下具有热不稳定性，可以歧化生成金属铁和[[四氧化三铁|Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>]]<ref name = "Greenwood"/>：

<math>4\text{ }FeO\text{ = }Fe\text{ }+\text{ }F{{e}_{3}}{{O}_{4}}</math>

FeO可与一些元素[[单质]]反应，而被还原为铁单质：

<math>Si+\text{ }2\text{ }FeO\text{ = }Si{{O}_{2}}+\text{ }2\text{ }Fe</math>

<math>Mn+\text{ }FeO\text{ = }MnO\text{ }+\text{ }Fe</math>

<math>2P+\text{ }5\text{ }FeO\text{ = }{{P}_{2}}{{O}_{5}}+\text{ }5\text{ }Fe</math>

FeO可溶于[[盐酸]]或稀[[硫酸]]，并分别生成[[氯化亚铁]]和[[硫酸亚铁]]。

<math>FeO\text{ }+\text{ }2HCl\text{ = }FeC{{l}_{2}}+\text{ }{{H}_{2}}O</math>

<math>FeO\text{ }+\text{ }{{H}_{2}}S{{O}_{4}}\text{= }FeS{{O}_{4}}+\text{ }{{H}_{2}}O</math>

== 结构 ==
[[File:NaCl polyhedra.svg|thumb|200px|氧化亚铁的晶体结构。<br /><span style="color:#C0C0C0; background-color:#C0C0C0;">__</span> Fe<sup>2+</sup> <span style="color:#23ad2a;background-color:#23ad2a;">__</span> O<sup>2−</sup>]]
氧化亚铁属于[[立方晶系]]（类似于[[氯化钠]]晶体结构），每个铁原子周围连接着6个氧原子形成八面体型配位，每个氧原子周围也以同样的情况连接着6个铁原子。出现非整比化合物的原因在于，由于二价铁很容易被氧化为三价铁，导致FeO中少量二价铁被替换为三价铁，占据晶格中的四面体空隙。<ref name = "Wells"/>

在低于200[[热力学温标|K]]时，氧化亚铁的晶体结构会发生微小变化，变为菱方，并且具有[[反铁磁性]]。<ref name = "Wells"/>

== 用途 ==
氧化亚铁可以被用作[[色素]]，在化妆品和[[刺青]]墨水中都有应用。氧化亚铁也应用于[[瓷器]]制作中使[[釉]]呈绿色。

== 参考资料 ==
{{reflist}}

== 参见 ==
* [[四氧化三铁]]
* [[氧化铁]]
* [[方铁矿]]（[[方铁矿]]）

== 外部链接 ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080517012717/http://ceramic-materials.com/cermat//oxide/feo.html 氧化亚铁的性质简介]
{{铁化合物}}
{{氧化物}}

[[Category:氧化物]]
[[Category:非整比化合物]]
[[Category:二价铁化合物]]
[[Category:铁-氧化合物]]