查看“︁氢-7”︁的源代码

{{Infobox isotope
    | alternate_names =
    | symbol =H
 |CASNo = 84619-42-1
 |CASNo_ref= {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
    | mass_number =7
    | mass = 7.05275(108)
    | num_neutrons =6
    | num_protons =1
    | abundance =不存在
    | halflife = (6.52
    | error_halflife = 5.58) × 10<sup>-22</sup>秒{{NUBASE2020|ref}}
    | text_color =
    | image =Hydrogen-7.svg
    | parent =
    | parent_symbol =
    | parent_mass =
    | parent_decay =
    | parent2 =
    | parent2_symbol =
    | parent2_mass =
    | parent2_decay =
    | spin =½+
    | excess_energy =49140
    | error1 =1010
    | binding_energy =940.1
    | error2 =
}}

'''氢-7'''（{{lang-en|Hydrogen-7}}，<sup>7</sup>H ）是[[氫]]的一個[[人造放射性同位素]]，[[半衰期]]極短，極為不穩定。氫-7是目前已知最重的[[氫的同位素|氫同位素]]。

== 概要 ==
<sup>7</sup>H由一个[[质子]]和六个[[中子]]组成，是[[氢]]最重的[[放射性同位素]]<ref name="NNDC">{{NUBASE 2003}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://periodictable.com/Isotopes/001.7/index.p.full.html |title=7H |access-date=2020-09-23 |archive-date=2021-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414232001/https://periodictable.com/Isotopes/001.7/index.p.full.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>。这是一个极端的{{lj|中子过剩核|中性子過剰核}}，中子的数量是质子的6倍，这个中子-质子比[[氦-10|<sup>10</sup>He]]（4）和[[锂-12|<sup>12</sup>Li]]（3）更大，并且是所有[[核种]]中中子-质子比最大的<ref name="NNDC"/>。

<sup>7</sup>H的[[衰变模式]]不明，可能是双[[中子发射]]，衰变成[[氢-5|<sup>5</sup>H]]。<sup>5</sup>H以86{{e|-23}}秒的半衰期衰变成[[氚|<sup>3</sup>H]]，最后以12.32年的半衰期[[β衰变]]成[[氦-3|<sup>3</sup>He]]。{{NUBASE2020|ref}}

== 合成 ==
<sup>7</sup>H是[[2003]]年由[[日本]]，[[俄罗斯]]，[[英国]]，[[法国]]，[[瑞典]]的联合研究小组，使用[[理化学研究所]]的装置合成的。[[氧-18|<sup>18</sup>O]]生成的[[氦-8|<sup>8</sup>He]]加速并撞击到氕气上（<sup>1</sup>H<sub>2</sub>）。<sup>1</sup>H和<sup>8</sup>He的撞击产生了两个质子（<sup>1</sup>H）被[[RIKEN Telescope]]捕获。在合成之前，人们以为氢同位素只能合成到<sup>5</sup>H。 <ref>{{cite journal | last=Korsheninnikov | first=A. A. | last2=Nikolskii | first2=E. Yu. | last3=Kuzmin | first3=E. A. | last4=Ozawa | first4=A. | last5=Morimoto | first5=K. | last6=Tokanai | first6=F. | last7=Kanungo | first7=R. | last8=Tanihata | first8=I. | last9=Timofeyuk | first9=N. K. | last10=Golovkov | first10=M. S. | last11=Fomichev | first11=A. S. | last12=Rodin | first12=A. M. | last13=Chelnokov | first13=M. L. | last14=Ter-Akopian | first14=G. M. | last15=Mittig | first15=W. | last16=Roussel-Chomaz | first16=P. | last17=Savajols | first17=H. | last18=Pollacco | first18=E. | last19=Ogloblin | first19=A. A. | last20=Zhukov | first20=M. V. | title=Experimental Evidence for the Existence ofH7and for a Specific Structure ofHe8 | journal=Physical Review Letters | publisher=American Physical Society (APS) | volume=90 | issue=8 | date=2003-02-27 | issn=0031-9007 | doi=10.1103/physrevlett.90.082501}}</ref>

{{indent|<math>\,^{8}_{2}\mathrm{He} + \,^{1}_{1}\mathrm{H} \to \,^{7}_{1}\mathrm{H} + 2\,^{1}_{1}\mathrm{H}</math>}}

[[2006年]]发现<sup>7</sup>H可由[[π介子|π<sup>-</sup>]]照射[[铍-9|<sup>9</sup>Be]]或[[硼-11|<sup>11</sup>B]]而成。<ref>{{cite journal | last=Gurov | first=Yu. B. | last2=Aleshkin | first2=D. V. | last3=Lapushkin | first3=S. V. | last4=Laukhin | first4=I. V. | last5=Pechkurov | first5=V. A. | last6=Poroshin | first6=N. O. | last7=Sandukovsky | first7=V. G. | last8=Tel’kushev | first8=M. V. | last9=Chernyshev | first9=B. A. | title=Searches for the superheavy hydrogen isotope 7H in the absorption of stopped π − mesons | journal=Physics of Atomic Nuclei | publisher=Pleiades Publishing Ltd | volume=69 | issue=9 | year=2006 | issn=1063-7788 | doi=10.1134/s106377880609002x | pages=1448–1452}}</ref>[[2007年]]，一个欧洲研究小组使用[[GANIL]]将<sup>8</sup>He照射到[[碳-12|<sup>12</sup>C]]上，宣布合成了<sup>7</sup>H<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www2.cnrs.fr/en/1039.htm |title=Discovery of hydrogen-7, the most exotic nuclear system ever observed. ''National Center for Scientific Research'' |access-date=2020-09-23 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305031638/http://www2.cnrs.fr/en/1039.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last=Caamaño | first=M. | last2=Cortina-Gil | first2=D. | last3=Mittig | first3=W. | last4=Savajols | first4=H. | last5=Chartier | first5=M. | last6=Demonchy | first6=C. E. | last7=Fernández | first7=B. | last8=Gómez Hornillos | first8=M. B. | last9=Gillibert | first9=A. | last10=Jurado | first10=B. | last11=Kiselev | first11=O. | last12=Lemmon | first12=R. | last13=Obertelli | first13=A. | last14=Rejmund | first14=F. | last15=Rejmund | first15=M. | last16=Roussel-Chomaz | first16=P. | last17=Wolski | first17=R. | title=Resonance State inH7 | journal=Physical Review Letters | publisher=American Physical Society (APS) | volume=99 | issue=6 | date=2007-08-09 | issn=0031-9007 | doi=10.1103/physrevlett.99.062502}}</ref>。

== 参考资料 ==
{{Reflist}}

== 参见 ==
* [[氢的同位素]]
{{Isotope|element=氢
|lighter=[[氢-6|<sup>6</sup>H]]
|heavier=未发现
|before=未发现
|after=[[氢-5|<sup>5</sup>H]] ([[中子发射|2n]])
}}


[[Category:氢的同位素]]