查看“︁氟硅酸钾”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = 
| Watchedfields = 
| verifiedrevid = 
| CustomizedImage= [[File:2.svg]] [[File:K+.svg|Kaliumion]][[File:Hexafluorosilicat-Ion.svg|150px|Strukturformel Hexafluorosilicat-Ion]]
| IUPACName = 
| OtherNames = 六氟硅酸钾
| NameEn = 
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| Abbreviations = 
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 16871-90-2
| EINECS = 240-896-2
| PubChem = 61851
| SMILES = [K+].[K+].F[Si-2](F)(F)(F)(F)F
| InChI = 
| RTECS =
| MeSHName =
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI =
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = 
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = K<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub>
| MolarMass = 220.28<ref name="alfa"/>
| Appearance = 白色固体<ref name="GESTIS">{{GESTIS|Name=Kaliumhexafluorosilikat|ZVG=4010|CAS=16871-90-2|Abruf=2020-01-08}}</ref>
| Density = 2.27 g/cm<sup>−3</sup><ref name="alfa"/><br /> 2.719 g/cm<sup>−3</sup> <ref name=loehlin/>
| MeltingPt = 
| MeltingPt_notes =
| BoilingPt = 
| BoilingPt_notes = 
| Solubility = 1.77 g/L 当 20℃<ref name="GESTIS" />
| SolubleOther = 不溶于液氨<ref name="R. Blachnik" /> 和酒精<ref name="Dale L. Perry">{{cite book| author=Dale L. Perry | title=Handbook of Inorganic Compounds, Second Edition | publisher=CRC Press | ISBN=978-1-4398-1462-8 | date=2016 | page=324 }}</ref>
| Solvent = 
| pKa = 
| pKb = }}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = 
| Coordination = 
| MolShape = }}
|Section4={{Chembox Hazards
| NFPA-H =
| NFPA-F = 
| NFPA-R = 
| LD50 = 156 mg/kg<ref name="GESTIS" />
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS06}}
| GHSSignalWord = Danger
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|301|311|331}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|261|264|270|271|280|301+310|302+352|304+340|311|312|321|322|330|361|363|403+233|405|501}}
}}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = 
| OtherCations = [[氟硅酸]]<br />[[氟硅酸钠]]
| OtherFunction = 
| OtherFunction_label = 
| OtherCpds = [[氟硼酸钾]]}}
}}
'''氟硅酸钾'''（Potassium fluorosilicate），别名'''硅氟化钾'''，化学式K<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub>。分子量220.26。

== 天然存在==
氟硅酸钾以[[Hieratit]] 和[[Demartinit]] 的形式天然存在。<ref name="mineralienatlas.de">mineralienatlas.de: [https://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/MineralData?mineral=Hieratit Mineralienatlas Lexikon - Hieratit] {{Wayback|url=https://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/MineralData?mineral=Hieratit |date=20210603052051 }}, abgerufen am 21. November 2016</ref>

==性质==
白色无臭无味[[六方晶系|六方]]或[[立方晶系|立方]]结晶或粉末。相对密度3.08（六方）或2.665（立方，17°C）。有吸湿性。微溶于水，可溶于[[盐酸]]，溶解度随温度升高而略有增加。不溶于[[醇]]。在热水中水解<ref name="DOI10.1016/S0022-1139(00)81323-8">D. Menz, W. Wilde, L. Kolditz, K. Heide: ''Dynamisch thermische analyse der Zersetzung von K<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub>.'' In: ''[[Journal of Fluorine Chemistry]].'' 24 (3), 1984, S.&nbsp;345–354, {{DOI|10.1016/S0022-1139(00)81323-8}}.</ref>生成[[硅酸]]和[[氟化氢]]<ref name="GESTIS" />。有毒！

氟硅酸钾是[[立方晶系]]的，空间群 Fm{{overline|3}}m (No. 225)。第二种形态（空间群 P6{{overline|3}}mc (No. 186)）也是已知的。<ref name="R. Blachnik">{{cite book| author=R. Blachnik | title=Taschenbuch für Chemiker und Physiker Band 3: Elemente, anorganische Verbindungen und Materialien, Minerale | publisher=Springer-Verlag | ISBN=978-3-642-58842-6 | date=2013 | page=524 }}</ref><ref name="10.1107/s0108270184004893">{{cite book|author=J. H. Loehlin|title=Redetermination of the structure of potassium hexafluorosilicate, K<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub>|date=1984-03-15|pages=570–570|DOI=10.1107/s0108270184004893}}</ref>

==制备==
由[[氟硅酸]]与[[氯化钾]]或[[氢氧化钾]]反应而成。<ref name="Jane E. Macintyre">{{cite book| author=Jane E. Macintyre | title=Dictionary of Inorganic Compounds  | url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofinor0004unse | publisher=CRC Press | ISBN=978-0-412-30120-9 | date=1992 | page=3217 }}</ref>
:<math>\rm \ H_2SiF_6+2KCl\rightarrow K_2SiF_6+2HCl</math>

==用途==
用作防腐蚀材料，木材防腐剂，冶金中镁和铝冶炼的助剂，钾玻璃、光学玻璃和不透明玻璃的制造原料。<ref name="alfa"/>也用于制取杀虫剂、有机中间体、化学分析、陶瓷和合成云母等。

==参考文献==
{{reflist
|refs=<ref name="alfa">{{citation | url = https://www.alfa.com/en/catalog/044495/ | title = 44495 Potassium hexafluorosilicate, 99.999% (metals basis) | work = www.alfa.com | accessdate = 2021-05-31 | archive-date = 2016-12-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161228034343/https://www.alfa.com/en/catalog/044495/ | dead-url = no }}</ref>

<ref name=loehlin>{{citation| journal = Acta Crystallogr. | year = 1984 |  volume =  C40|  pages =  570 | doi = 10.1107/S0108270184004893| title = Redetermination of the structure of potassium hexafluorosilicate, K2SiF6 | first = J. H.| last =  Loehlin | issue = 3 }}</ref>
}}

{{钾化合物}}
{{氟硅酸盐}}
[[Category:钾化合物]]
[[Category:氟硅酸盐]]
[[Category:缺少物质图片的化学品条目]]