查看“︁氟化镧”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 443382196
| Name = 氟化镧
| ImageFile = Kristallstruktur Lanthanfluorid.png
| ImageFile2 =
| ImageCaption = Crystal structure
| OtherNames = Lanthanum(III) fluoride
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| InChI = 1/La.3FH/h;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI =
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/La.3FH/h;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = BYMUNNMMXKDFEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K
| SMILES = F[La](F)F
| InChIKey =
| CASNo = 13709-38-1
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 83675
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID =75498
| RTECS =
  }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = LaF<sub>3</sub>
| MolarMass = 195.900 g/mol<ref name=b92>{{RubberBible92nd|page=4.69}}</ref>
| Appearance = 白色晶体
| Density = 5.936 g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name=b92/>
| Solubility =
| MeltingPtC = 1493
| MeltingPt_notes =
| MeltingPt_ref =<ref name=b92/>
| RefractIndex =
| MagSus =
  }}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = [[Rhombohedral]], [[Pearson符号|hR24]]
| SpaceGroup = P{{overline|3}}c1, No. 165<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1107/S0108768185001689|title=Refinement of the trigonal crystal structure of lanthanum trifluoride with neutron diffraction data|journal=Acta Crystallographica Section B|volume=41|issue=2|pages=91|year=1985|last1=Zalkin|first1=A.|last2=Templeton|first2=D. H.}}</ref>
| LattConst_a = 0.7185 nm
| LattConst_c = 0.7351 nm
| UnitCellFormulas = 6
| UnitCellVolume =0.32865
 }}
}}

'''氟化镧'''是一种高熔点的[[离子化合物]]，化学式为LaF<sub>3</sub>。<ref name="Cotton">{{cite book|author=Cotton, Simon|title=Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SvAbtU6XvzgC&pg=PA26|date=30 January 2007|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-0-470-01007-5|pages=25–27|access-date=2018-04-12|archive-date=2017-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428143158/https://books.google.com/books?id=SvAbtU6XvzgC&pg=PA26|dead-url=no}}</ref>其Ksp为7.0×10<sup>-17</sup>。<ref name=Wu>{{cite journal|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167577X08001389|pages=3003–3006|title=Influence of solubility on the particle size of fluorides crystalline precipitated from aqueous solutions|journal=Materials Letters|volume=62|issue=17-18|accessdate=2018-04-12|doi=10.1016/j.matlet.2008.01.095|author=Daxiong Wu, Xijun Wu, Yanfei Lv, Hui Wang|archive-date=2020-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200825114727/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167577X08001389|dead-url=no}}</ref>
[[File:LaF3 structure.svg|thumb|right|upright|镧的配位模式]]

==制备==
氟化镧可由[[氧化镧]]和[[氟化氢铵]]反应得到：<ref>scribd.com: [https://web.archive.org/web/20101027102127/http://www.scribd.com/doc/17105402/9439811 http://www.scribd.com/doc/17105402/9439811] ([https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web-Archivierung#Begriffsbestimmung Memento] {{Wayback|url=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web-Archivierung#Begriffsbestimmung |date=20180412212305 }} vom 27. Oktober 2010 im ''[[互联网档案馆|Internet Archive]]'')</ref>

:<math>\mathrm{ La_2O_3 + 6 \ NH_4HF_2 \ \xrightarrow{300 - 400^{\circ}C} \ 2 \ LaF_3 + 6 \ NH_4F + 3 \ H_2O}</math>
[[硝酸镧]]和[[氟化铵]]反应，沉淀出氟化镧：<ref name=Wu />
:La(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> + 3 NH<sub>4</sub>F → LaF<sub>3</sub>↓ + 3 NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>

==参考文献==
{{reflist}}

{{镧化合物}}
{{氟化物}}

[[category:镧化合物]]
[[category:氟化物]]
[[category:镧系金属卤化物]]