查看“︁氟化铵”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
|   Name = 氟化銨
|   ImageFile = Fluorid amonný.PNG
|   IUPACName = Ammonium fluoride<!-- e.g. Iron(II) chloride -->
|   OtherNames = 
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 12125-01-8
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|  RTECS  =  
|  InChI  =  1/FH.H3N/h1H;1H3
|  SMILES  =  [F-].[NH4+]
|  InChIKey  =  LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYAM
|  StdInChI_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChI  =  1S/FH.H3N/h1H;1H3
|  StdInChIKey_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChIKey  =  LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|  ChemSpiderID_Ref  = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}|  ChemSpiderID  = 23806
|  EINECS  =  235-185-9
|  UNNumber  =  2505
|  ChEBI  =  66871
|  PubChem  =  25516
|  UNII  =  4QT928IM0A
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|   Formula = NH<sub>4</sub>F
|   MolarMass = 37.0367 
|   Appearance = 白色晶體
|   Density = 1.009 g·cm<sup>−3</sup>
|   Solubility = 835 [[克|g]]/[[公升|L]](25 °C)<ref>{{cite web|title=Ammonium Fluoride|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/ammonium_fluoride#section=Solubility|website=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|language=en|access-date=2021-04-03|archive-date=2017-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107014347/https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/ammonium_fluoride#section=Solubility|dead-url=no}}</ref><br>1.75 g/100 mL（乙醇，25 °C）<ref>[http://periodic-table-of-elements.org/SOLUBILITY/ammonium_fluoride Ammonium fluoride] {{Wayback|url=http://periodic-table-of-elements.org/SOLUBILITY/ammonium_fluoride |date=20201121051008 }}. periodic-table-of-elementst.org. [2020-06-30]</ref>
|   MeltingPt = 100<sup>o</sup>C(分解)
  }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
|   CrystalStruct = [[六方]]
  }}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics1223.htm ICSC 1223]
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS05}}{{GHS06}}
| GHSSignalWord = Danger
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|301|311|314|318|330|331}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|260|261|264|270|271|280|284|301+310|301+330+331|302+352|303+361+353|304+340|305+351+338|310|311|312|320|321|322|330|361|363|403+233|405|501}}
| Reference =<ref>{{cite web|title=Ammonium Fluoride|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/25516#section=Safety-and-Hazards|website=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|language=en|access-date=2021-04-03|archive-date=2020-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810220904/https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/25516#section=Safety-and-Hazards|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| NFPA-H = 3
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 0
| NFPA-S = 
| FlashPt = 不可燃
  }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
|   OtherAnions = [[氯化铵]]，[[氟化氫銨]]
|   OtherCations = [[氟化鉀]]，[[氟化鈉]]
  }}
}}
'''氟化銨'''是一種白色的[[晶體]]，[[分子式]]為NH<sub>4</sub>F，易潮解，受热或遇热水分解为[[氨]]与[[氟化氢]]。能腐蚀[[玻璃]]。氟化铵可通过[[氢氟酸]]和[[氨水]]中和后浓缩结晶製得。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chemyq.com/xz/xz1/252qvsuf.htm |title=存档副本 |access-date=2008-03-15 |archive-date=2019-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605103546/http://www.chemyq.com/xz/xz1/252qvsuf.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref>
::<chem>NH3*H2O + HF -> NH4F + H2O</chem>

和所有氟化物一样，氟化铵有中等毒性。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fluoride Toxicity - an overview {{!}} ScienceDirect Topics|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/fluoride-toxicity|access-date=2020-12-16|website=www.sciencedirect.com|archive-date=2021-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022103207/https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/fluoride-toxicity|dead-url=no}}</ref>

==晶体结构==
氟化铵是[[纤维锌矿]]结构的。在阴离子和阳离子之间有着 N−H···F [[氢键]]。<ref>A. F. Wells, ''Structural Inorganic Chemistry'', 5th ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1984.</ref>这种结构与[[冰]]非常相似，而氟化铵也是唯一一种可以和冰形成混合晶体的化合物。<ref>{{cite journal|last=Brill|first=R.|author2=Zaromb, S.|title=Mixed Crystals of Ice and Ammonium Fluoride|journal=Nature|volume=173|issue=4398|pages=316–317|doi=10.1038/173316a0}}</ref>

==用处==
氟化铵可用于保存木材，作为防蛀剂，印刷和染[[布]]，并作为在[[啤酒厂]]的[[消毒药水]]。<ref name=Aigueperse>{{Cite book|first = Jean|last = Aigueperse|author2=Paul Mollard |author3=Didier Devilliers |author4=Marius Chemla |author5=Robert Faron |author6=Renée Romano |author7=Jean Pierre Cuer |contribution = Fluorine Compounds, Inorganic|editor-last = Ullmann|title = Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry|year = 2005|publisher = Wiley-VCH|place = Weinheim|doi = 10.1002/14356007.a11_307}}</ref>

==参考资料==
{{reflist}}
{{铵盐}}
{{氟化物}}
{{Commonscat|Ammonium fluoride}}

{{无机化合物小作品}}
[[Category:銨鹽]]
[[Category:氟化物]]
[[Category:非金属卤化物]]
[[Category:金属卤化物]]