查看“︁氟乙烯”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| verifiedrevid = 444245504
| ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageFile = Vinylfluoride.svg
| IUPACName = Fluoroethene
| OtherNames = Vinylfluoride, Fluoroethylene, Monofluoroethylene, Vinyl fluoride monomer, VF, R 1141, UN 1860 (inhibited)
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
|   ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 6099
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C2H3F/c1-2-3/h2H,1H2
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo = 75-02-5
|    CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|   PubChem = 6339
|   ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 51314
| SMILES = FC=C
|   InChI = 1/C2H3F/c1-2-3/h2H,1H2
|   EINECS = 200-832-6
|   RTECS = YZ7351000
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = C19185
  }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|   Formula = C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>F
|   MolarMass = 46.04
|   Appearance = 无色气体
|   Density = 0.707 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
|   MeltingPtC = -160.5
|   BoilingPtC = -72.2
|   Solubility = 微溶
|   VaporPressure = 25 500 kPa
  }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
|   EUClass = {{Hazchem F+}}
|   MainHazards = 
|   FlashPt = -91.005 °C
|   Autoignition = 385 °C
|   NFPA-H = 2
|   NFPA-F = 4
|   NFPA-R = 2
|   NFPA-O = 
|   RPhrases = {{R12}}
|   SPhrases = {{S9}}, {{S16}}, {{S33}}
|   ExploLimits = 2.6 - 21.7 %
  }}
}}
'''氟乙烯'''（{{lang-en|'''Vinyl fluoride'''}}）是一种[[分子式]]为C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>F的脂肪族不饱和[[卤代烃|氟代烃]]。

==性质==
氟乙烯常温下为无色，有极弱[[醚]]味的极易燃气体，微溶于水，溶于[[乙醇]]、[[乙醚]]、[[丙酮]]。它的化学性质活泼，容易发生[[聚合]]。[[三相点]]为-160.5 °C。<ref name="GESTIS">{{GESTIS|ZVG=570271|CAS=75-02-5|Date=2010-7-29}}</ref>

== 合成与生产 ==
[[比利时]]科学家Frédéric Swarts（曾在1892年合成了历史上最早的氟氯烃[[一氟三氯甲烷]]和[[二氟二氯甲烷]]）在1901年合成了氟乙烯。他当时使用的是锌与1,1-二氟-2-溴甲烷。

目前的工业生产主要采用[[乙炔]]与[[氟化氢]]在含[[汞]]或含[[铝]]的催化剂催化下发生[[加成反应]]：<ref>Hans-Jürgen Arpe; Industrielle Organische Chemie: Bedeutende Vor- und Zwischenprodukte, S.246ff; ISBN 978-3-527-31540-6</ref><ref name="ntp" />
:<math>\mathrm{HC \equiv CH  +  HF \rightarrow CH_2=CHF}</math>

另一种常用的方式则是用1-氯-1-氟乙烷或1-氯-2-氟乙烷发生消去反应：
:<math>\mathrm{CH_3CHClF \rightarrow CH_2=CHF + HCl}</math>
:<math>\mathrm{CH_2FCH_2Cl \rightarrow CH_2=CHF + HCl}</math>

除此之外，还可以通过乙烯直接在[[钯]]与[[氯化铜]]的催化下合成或[[1,1-二氟乙烷]]经热裂解而得，等等。<ref>{{Cite journal 
| last1 = Siegemund | first1 = G. N. 
| last2 = Schwertfeger | first2 = W. 
| last3 = Feiring | first3 = A. 
| last4 = Smart | first4 = B. 
| last5 = Behr | first5 = F. 
| last6 = Vogel | first6 = H. 
| last7 = McKusick | first7 = B. 
| chapter = Fluorine Compounds, Organic 
| doi = 10.1002/14356007.a11_349 
| title = Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 
| year = 2000 
| isbn = 3527306730 
| pmid =  
| pmc = 
}}</ref>

[[美国国家环境保护局]]（EPA）在1990年将氟乙烯列为“高产量化学品”（High production chemical），并估计当年[[美国]]的产量为1740吨至3160吨。<ref name="ntp">{{Cite web |url=https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/content/profiles/vinylhalides.pdf |title=Vinyl Fluoride (National Toxicology Program) |accessdate=2019-03-13 |archive-date=2019-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509121824/https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/content/profiles/vinylhalides.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref> 1999年的世界总产量则约为33000吨。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.inchem.org/documents/sids/sids/VDFF2.pdf |title=1,1’-DIFLUOROETHYLENE (inchem) |accessdate=2012-06-09 |archive-date=2012-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104213020/http://inchem.org/documents/sids/sids/VDFF2.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref>

== 用途 ==
氟乙烯被用于制备[[聚氟乙烯]]树脂，或与其他[[单体]]（如[[氯乙烯]]和[[六氟丙烯]]）反应生成[[共聚物]]。<ref name="GESTIS" /> 这些聚合物具有优秀的抗老化、抗化学腐蚀能力，以及很高的太阳能总透射比，因此被用作化工设备上的防腐涂层及[[太阳能电池板]]上的涂层等。<ref>Ebnesajjad, S. (2001) Poly(vinyl fluoride). In: Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, New York, John Wiley & Sons (online)</ref><ref>Dupont (2007) http://www2.dupont.com/Photovoltaic/en_US/index.html{{Dead link}}</ref> 氟乙烯还曾被用作代号为R-1141的[[制冷剂]]。

== 致癌性 ==
氟乙烯是动物致癌物及可疑人类[[致癌物]]，能够使[[大鼠]]和[[小鼠]]患上[[血管肉瘤]]等[[癌症]]。<ref name="ntp" /><ref>{{Cite journal 
| last1 = Bogdanffy | first1 = M. 
| last2 = Kee | first2 = C. R. 
| last3 = Kelly | first3 = D. P. 
| last4 = Carakostas | first4 = M. C. 
| last5 = Sykes | first5 = G. P. 
| title = Subchronic inhalation study with vinyl fluoride: Effects on hepatic cell proliferation and urinary fluoride excretion 
| doi = 10.1016/0272-0590(90)90064-Q 
| journal = Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 
| volume = 15 
| issue = 2 
| pages = 394–406 
| year = 1990 
| pmid =  2227164
| pmc = 
}}</ref> 这是由于它在体内的代谢产物氟乙醛与环氧氟乙烷能够与[[DNA]]反应生成[[加合物]]，引起DNA损伤与[[基因突变]]。<ref>{{Cite journal 
| last1 = Cantoreggi | first1 = S. 
| last2 = Keller | first2 = D. A. 
| title = Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Vinyl Fluoridein Vivoandin Vitro 
| doi = 10.1006/taap.1996.8041 
| journal = Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 
| volume = 143 
| issue = 1 
| pages = 130–139 
| year = 1997 
| pmid = 9073601 
| pmc = 
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal 
| last1 = Boivin-Angèle | first1 = S. 
| last2 = Lefrançois | first2 = L. 
| last3 = Froment | first3 = O. 
| last4 = Spiethoff | first4 = A. 
| last5 = Bogdanffy | first5 = M. S. 
| last6 = Wegener | first6 = K. 
| last7 = Wesch | first7 = H. 
| last8 = Barbin | first8 = A. 
| last9 = Bancel | first9 = B. 
| doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(20000115)85:2<223::AID-IJC12>3.0.CO;2-H 
| title = Ras gene mutations in vinyl chloride-induced liver tumours are carcinogen-specific but vary with cell type and species 
| journal = International Journal of Cancer 
| volume = 85 
| issue = 2 
| pages = 223–227 
| year = 2000 
| pmid = 10629081 
| pmc = 
}}</ref>

== 另见 ==
* [[1,1-二氟乙烯]]
* [[氯乙烯]]
* [[溴乙烯]]

== 参考资料 ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:氟代烯烃]]
[[Category:制冷剂]]
[[Category:IARC第2A类致癌物质]]