查看“︁正戊腈”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = 
| Watchedfields = 
| verifiedrevid = 
| Reference = 
| ImageFile1 = Pentanenitrile.svg
| PIN = Pentanenitrile
| OtherNames = {{Unbulleted list|正丁基氰|氰化丁烷|戊腈|
}}
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 110-59-8
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 8061
| ChemSpiderID = 7770
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
| EINECS = 203-781-8
| MeSHName = 
| ChEBI = 
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| RTECS = 
| Beilstein = 
| ChEMBL = 1503158
| UNNumber = 3273
| UNII = X44H3R47D4
| SMILES = CCCCC#N
| StdInChI = 1S/C5H9N/c1-2-3-4-5-6/h2-4H2,1H3
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = RFFFKMOABOFIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C=5 | H=9 | N=1
| Appearance = 無色液體
| Odor = 
| Density = 0.8008
| MeltingPtC = -96.2
| BoilingPtK = 414
| VaporPressure = 5 mmHg
| CriticalTP = 610.3 K， 35.80 bar
| Solubility = 不溶
| SolubleOther = 溶於[[苯]]、[[丙酮]]、[[乙醚]]
| HenryConstant = 
| RefractIndex = 1.3949
| MagSus = 
| Dipole = 
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = 
| DeltaHc = 
| HeatCapacity = 
}}
|Section4={{Chembox Hazards
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS02}} {{GHS skull and crossbones}}{{GHS07}}
| GHSSignalWord = '''危險'''
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|226|301|302}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|210|233|240|241|242|243|264|270|280|301+310|301+312|303+361+353|321|330|370+378|403+235|405|501}}
| NFPA-H = 3
| NFPA-F = 3
| NFPA-R = 0
| FlashPtC = 40
| AutoignitionPtC = 
| ExploLimits = 
| LD50 = 191 mg/kg fat<ref name=buhl/>
| PEL = 
| IDLH = 
| REL = 
}}
|Section5={{Chembox Related
| OtherFunction_label = alkanenitriles
| OtherFunction = {{Unbulleted list|[[異丁腈]]|[[丙腈]]|[[丙二腈]]|[[新戊腈]]|[[丁二腈]]|[[戊二腈]]|[[正丁腈]]}}
| OtherCompounds = 
}}
}}

'''正戊腈'''，或稱'''戊腈'''、'''正丁基氰'''，是一種[[有機化合物]]，屬於[[腈]]，其[[化學式]]為<chem>C4H9CN</chem>，亦可簡寫為<chem>BuCN</chem>，其中<chem>Bu</chem>指的是[[正丁基]]。呈澄清無色液體<ref>{{cite web |title=戊腈 |url=https://www.chemicalbook.com/ProductChemicalPropertiesCB2250133.htm |website=ChemicalBook |accessdate=2023-08-11}}</ref>。正戊腈可以作有機合成中間體、萃取劑<ref>{{cite web |title=戊腈 |url=https://www.chembk.com/cn/chem/%E6%88%8A%E8%85%88 |website=化工百科 |accessdate=2023-08-11 |archive-date=2023-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811143629/https://www.chembk.com/cn/chem/%E6%88%8A%E8%85%88 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

正戊腈存在於{{link-en|骨油|Dippel's oil}}。

==製備==
正戊腈可以由[[1-氯丁烷]]與[[氰化鈉]]於[[二甲亞碸]]中的反應製備而成。反應需時20分鐘，溫度需保持在160 °C以下。產率約爲93%。<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Smiley|first1=Robert|last2=Arnold|first2=Charles|title=Notes- Aliphatic Nitriles from Alkyl Chlorides|journal=The Journal of Organic Chemistry|date=February 1960|volume=25|issue=2|pages=257–258|doi=10.1021/jo01072a600}}</ref>

正戊腈的另一製備方法為在[[羥胺]]中加熱[[正戊醛]]。<ref>{{cite journal|title=Red mud catalyzed one-pot synthesis of nitriles from aldehydes and hydroxylamine hydrochloride under microwave irradiation|journal=Arkivoc|date=5 October 2007|volume=2007|issue=15|pages=162–170|doi=10.3998/ark.5550190.0008.f16|doi-access=free|last1=Khezri|first1=S. Hadi|last2=Azimi|first2=Nahal|last3=Mohammed-Vali|first3=Mehrdad|last4=Eftekhari-Sis|first4=Bagher|last5=Hashemi|first5=Mohammed M.|last6=Baniasadi|first6=Mohammed H.|last7=Teimouri|first7=Fatemeh}}</ref>
==生物==
戊腈對動物有毒，它通過[[細胞色素P450|細胞色素 P450]] 釋放[[氰化物]]來產生毒性。氰化物會代謝為[[硫氰酸鹽]]，從[[尿]]液中排出。<ref name=buhl>{{cite book|last1=Buhler|first1=D. R.|last2=Reed|first2=D. J.|title=Nitrogen and Phosphorus Solvents|date=2013|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=9781483290201|pages=359–362|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uAQhBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA359|language=en}}</ref>

在[[真菌]][[Gibberella intermedia]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gong|first1=Jin-Song|last2=Li|first2=Heng|last3=Zhu|first3=Xiao-Yan|last4=Lu|first4=Zhen-Ming|last5=Wu|first5=Yan|last6=Shi|first6=Jing-Song|last7=Xu|first7=Zheng-Hong|last8=Yun|first8=Sung-Hwan|title=Fungal His-Tagged Nitrilase from Gibberella intermedia: Gene Cloning, Heterologous Expression and Biochemical Properties|journal=PLOS ONE|date=30 November 2012|volume=7|issue=11|pages=e50622|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0050622|pmid=23226336|pmc=3511519|bibcode=2012PLoSO...750622G|doi-access=free}}{{open access}}</ref>、[[尖孢镰刀菌]]、[[黑曲霉]]之中，戊腈可以誘發[[腈水解酶]]的製造。<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kaplan|first1=Ondřej|last2=Vejvoda|first2=Vojtěch|last3=Charvátová-Pišvejcová|first3=Andrea|last4=Martínková|first4=Ludmila|title=Hyperinduction of nitrilases in filamentous fungi|journal=Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology|date=15 August 2006|volume=33|issue=11|pages=891–896|doi=10.1007/s10295-006-0161-9|pmid=16909267|s2cid=3256514}}</ref>這種[[酶]]可以將戊腈水解作[[戊酸]]。

==参考文献==
{{Reflist}}

{{腈}}

[[category:腈]]