查看“︁正丁腈”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 410651538
| Reference = <ref>''Merck Index'', 11th Edition, '''1597'''</ref>
| ImageFileL1 = Butyronitrile.png
| ImageFileL1_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageSizeL1 = 115
| ImageAltL1 = Structural formula of butyronitrile
| ImageFileR1 = Butyronitrile 3D ball.png
| ImageSizeR1 = 125
| ImageAltR1 = Ball-and-stick model of the butyronitrile molecule
| IUPACName = Butanenitrile<ref>{{Cite web|title=N-butyronitrile - Compound Summary|url=http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=8008&loc=ec_rcs#x291|work=PubChem Compound|publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information|accessdate=12 June 2012|location=USA|date=26 March 2005|at=Identification}}</ref>
| OtherNames = 1-丁腈<BR>正丙基氰
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 109-74-0
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 8008
| ChemSpiderID = 7717
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
| EINECS = 203-700-6
| UNNumber = 2411
| MeSHName = N-butyronitrile
| ChEBI = 51937
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| RTECS = ET8750000
| Beilstein = 1361452
| SMILES = CCCC#N
| StdInChI = 1S/C4H7N/c1-2-3-4-5/h2-3H2,1H3
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C=4 | H=7 | N=1
| Appearance = 无色
| Odor = 刺激的窒息性气味<ref name=PGCH/>
| Density = 794 mg mL<sup>−1</sup>
| MeltingPtK = 161.25
| BoilingPtK = 390.7
| VaporPressure = 3.1 Pa
| Solubility = 0.033 g/100 mL
| SolubleOther = 可溶于[[苯]]；和[[乙醇]]、[[乙醚]]、[[二甲基甲酰胺]]混溶
| HenryConstant = 190 μmol Pa<sup>−1</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup>
| RefractIndex = 1.38385
| MagSus = -49.4·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
| Dipole = 3.5
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = −6.8–−4.8 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
| DeltaHc = −2.579 MJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
| HeatCapacity = 134.2 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>
}}
|Section4={{Chembox Hazards
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS flame}} {{GHS skull and crossbones}}
| GHSSignalWord = '''危险'''
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|225|301|311|331}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|210|261|280|301+310|311}}
| NFPA-H = 3
| NFPA-F = 3
| NFPA-R = 0
| FlashPtC = 18
| AutoignitionPtC = 488
| ExploLimits = 1.65%–?<ref name=PGCH/>
| LD50 = 50 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> <small>(oral, rat)</small>
| PEL = none<ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0086}}</ref>
| IDLH = N.D.<ref name=PGCH/>
| REL = TWA 8 ppm (22 mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<ref name=PGCH/>
}}
|Section5={{Chembox Related
| OtherFunction_label = 
| OtherFunction =
| OtherCpds = [[正丁酸]]
}}
}}

'''正丁腈'''是一种[[腈]]类[[有机物]]，[[示性式]]为CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CN。它是无色液体，和大多数极性有机溶剂互溶。正丁腈是一种危險化学品。<ref>佚名. [http://www.ixueshu.com/document/0f68a7a6299c6b12318947a18e7f9386.html 连载51：正丁腈（丙基氰:丁腈）] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ixueshu.com/document/0f68a7a6299c6b12318947a18e7f9386.html |date=20170828231156 }}[J]. 化工安全与环境, 2000(13):13-13.</ref>

==制备==
工业上通过[[1-丁醇|正丁醇]]的[[氨氧化反应]]制备：
:<chem>CH3CH2CH2CH2OH  + NH3 +O2 ->CH3CH2CH2CN +3H2O</chem>

==性质==
正的水解反应可以得到[[正丁醯胺]]：<ref>高俊, 史继诚. [http://www.ixueshu.com/document/f7fe98263457de8e.html Cr/Cu催化剂催化正丁腈水合反应合成丁酰胺] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ixueshu.com/document/f7fe98263457de8e.html |date=20170828230716 }}[J]. 化工进展, 2008, 27(3):444-447.</ref>
: CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CN + H<sub>2</sub>O → CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CONH<sub>2</sub>
正丁酰胺進一步水解，可以得到正丁酸（CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>COOH）。

它在[[镍|鎳]]的催化下，和氫氣反应，生成[[正丁胺]]：
: CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CN + 2H<sub>2</sub> → CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>2</sub>
以[[氢化铝锂]]为还原剂，亦可得到正丁胺。

==應用==
正丁腈是家禽药物{{le|氨丙啉|amprolium}}的前体。<ref>Peter Pollak, Gérard Romeder, Ferdinand Hagedorn, Heinz-Peter Gelbke "Nitriles" ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'' 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. {{DOI|10.1002/14356007.a17_363}}</ref>

==参见==
* [[丁腈橡胶]]
* [[異丁腈]]

==参考文献==
{{Reflist}}

{{腈}}

[[category:腈]]