查看“︁放屁虫”︁的源代码

{{Automatic taxobox
| taxon = Carabidae
| name = 步行虫科
| image = Brachinus sclopeta up.jpg
| image_caption = ''Brachinus sclopeta''
| authority = 
| subdivision_ranks = [[族 (生物)|族]]
| subdivision = 
*[[氣步甲族]]=[[屁步甲族]] Brachinini
*Paussni
*Ozaenini
*Metriini
}}

'''放屁虫'''是约500种[[甲虫]]的统称，属于[[步行虫科]]的[[昆虫]]，可分為氣步甲亞科等於整個[[氣步甲族]]（Brachinini）以及'''''Paussinae'''''亞科中的'''''Paussni'''''族、'''''Ozaenini'''''族、'''''Metriini'''''族等四個族<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://jandan.net/2010/05/28/bombardier-beetle.html |title=微观世界：放屁虫的工作原理 |accessdate=2013-09-27 |work= |publisher= |date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015213524/http://jandan.net/2010/05/28/bombardier-beetle.html |archive-date=2013-10-15 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>。它们有个共同的特点，就是在受到威胁时可以从腹部末端“噗”的一声喷出一股刺激性的热雾，这也是它名称的来源。

==生物化學==
喷雾中含有[[对苯醌]]，是有刺激性的物质，目的是为了防卫[[蚂蚁]]等入侵者，同时也给放屁虫有机会和时间飞走。喷雾源于其体内的化学反应。放屁虫腹部的腺体中存有[[对苯二酚]]和[[过氧化氢]]，这两种物质可在一个含有[[过氧化氢酶]]和[[辣根过氧化物酶]]的空腔中混合。过氧化氢在酶的催化作用下放出氧气，氧化对苯二酚成为对苯醌。反应剧烈放热，使混合物沸腾气化，连同氧气的助推作用，将混合物喷出。有的甲虫在耗尽储存之前可以喷20次。<ref name="pmid10449758">{{cite journal | author = Eisner T, Aneshansley DJ | title = Spray aiming in the bombardier beetle: photographic evidence | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 96 | issue = 17 | pages = 9705–9709 | pmid = 10449758 | pmc = 22274 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.96.17.9705 | url = http://www.pnas.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10449758 | date = 1999-08 | access-date = 2013-09-27 | archive-date = 2019-10-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191018100144/https://www.pnas.org/content/96/17/9705.long | dead-url = no }}</ref>

==防禦機制==
{{main|反捕食者适应}}

:<chem>H2O2(aq) -> H2O(l) + 1/2O2(g)</chem>

:<chem>C6H4(OH)2(aq) -> C6H4O2(aq) + H2(g)</chem>

:<chem>C6H4(OH)2(aq) + H2O2(aq) -> C6H4O2(aq) + 2H2O(l)</chem>

[[File:Para-Benzoquinone needles.jpg|thumb|([[1,4-苯醌]])對苯醌(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>).]]

== 参考资料 ==
{{reflist}}

==參閲==
*{{le|蟻巢步甲蟲|Ant nest beetle}}(蟻巢步甲/螞蟻巢甲蟲/螞蟻窩甲蟲)
*[[TalkOrigins Archive]]

==外部連結==
{{Commons|Brachinus}}
{{Wikispecies|Brachinini}}
{{NIE Poster|Bombardier Beetles|year=1905}}
*{{cite journal |doi=10.1073/pnas.96.17.9705 |last1=Eisner |first1=T. |last2=Aneshansley |first2=D.J. |title=Spray aiming in the bombardier beetle: Photographic Evidence |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=96 |issue=17 |pages=9705–9 |date=August 1999 |pmid=10449758 |pmc=22274 |bibcode=1999PNAS...96.9705E }}
* [http://bugguide.net/node/view/16725 Genus ''Brachinus'' — BugGuide.net] {{Wayback|url=http://bugguide.net/node/view/16725 |date=20060406124403 }}
*{{cite web |author=Hesselberg T |title=Exploding beetles suggest a new pressure relief valve and fluid discharge system |date=6 November 2007 |publisher=Life of science |url=http://www.life-of-science.net/bio--and-nanotechnology/feature/exploding-beetles-suggest-a-new-pressure-relief-valve-and-fluid-discharge-system.html |access-date=2021-03-18 |archive-date=2016-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306153309/http://life-of-science.net/bio--and-nanotechnology/feature/exploding-beetles-suggest-a-new-pressure-relief-valve-and-fluid-discharge-system.html |dead-url=no }}
*{{cite web |title=Claim CB310: Bombardier beetle evolution |work=[[TalkOrigins Archive]] |url=http://www.talkorigins.org/indexcc/CB/CB310.html |access-date=2021-03-18 |archive-date=2020-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210184334/http://www.talkorigins.org/indexcc/CB/CB310.html |dead-url=no }}
*{{cite web |author=Isaak, Mark |date=May 30, 2003 |title=Bombardier Beetles and the Argument of Design |work=[[TalkOrigins Archive]] |url=http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/bombardier.html |access-date=2021-03-18 |archive-date=2015-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831110330/http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/bombardier.html |dead-url=no }}
* {{cite news |author=BBC |year=1999 |title='Bull's-eye beetle' (''Stenaptinus insignis'') |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/422599.stm |work=BBC News |accessdate=2021-03-18 |archive-date=2021-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322214036/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/422599.stm |dead-url=no }}: 3 photos, 1&nbsp;micrograph, 1 b/w illustration

[[分类:步甲科|F]]