查看“︁拉德克利夫波”︁的源代码

[[File:RadcliffeWave1.png|350px|thumb|地球夜空中拉德克利夫波的大致輪廓。]]

'''拉德克利夫波'''是[[銀河系]]中最近的相干氣態結構，點綴著相關的高濃度相互連接的[[恆星苗圃]]。它綿延約8,800光年<ref name="theguardian-sample">{{cite news|access-date=7 January 2020|title=Astronomers discover huge gaseous wave holding Milky Way's newest stars|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/jan/07/astronomers-discover-huge-gaseous-wave-holding-milky-ways-newest-stars|newspaper=The Guardian|date=7 January 2020|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=2020-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107201202/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/jan/07/astronomers-discover-huge-gaseous-wave-holding-milky-ways-newest-stars|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="bbc">{{cite news|first1=Paul|last1=Rincon|access-date=7 January 2020|title=Vast 'star nursery' region found in our galaxy|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-51021704|date=7 January 2020|website=BBC News|archive-date=2020-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107220940/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-51021704|dead-url=no}}</ref>。這個結構沿著[[銀河系|銀河]]臂的軌跡運行，其最近之處（[[金牛座分子雲]]）距離太陽約400光年，最遠處（[[天鵝座X (恆星複合體)|天鵝座X]]的恆星複合體）距離太陽約5,000光年，總是在[[獵戶臂]]（本地臂）內，跨越其長度的約40%，平均寬度的20%<ref>{{cite web|last1=Brandon|first1=Specktor|date=7 January 2020|access-date=7 January 2020|title=Mysterious 'Wave' of Star-Forming Gas May Be the Largest Structure in the Galaxy|url=https://www.livescience.com/radcliffe-wave-largest-milky-way-structure.html|website=livescience.com|archive-date=2020-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108121804/https://www.livescience.com/radcliffe-wave-largest-milky-way-structure.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name=":0" />。它的發現於2020年1月宣佈，其接近程度令天文學家感到驚訝<ref name="theguardian-sample"/><ref name="newsweek">{{cite web|first1=Hannah|last1=Osborne|title=Something appears to have collided with the Milky Way and created a huge wave in the galactic plane|url=https://www.newsweek.com/milky-way-huge-wave-collision-1480799|date=7 January 2020|website=Newsweek|access-date=2023-05-07|archive-date=2020-03-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314060840/https://www.newsweek.com/milky-way-huge-wave-collision-1480799|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

== 形成 ==
<imagemap>
Image:Orion Arm.JPG|frame|center|附近大約六分之一的銀河系外層的互動地圖，從而清楚地顯示了本地臂（獵戶臂）和鄰近的臂 - 以及[[獵戶座大星雲]]（作為不太明亮的[[獵戶座分子雲複合體]]的非常明亮的特徵）和寬雲[[北美洲星雲]]（和[[鵜鶘星雲]]），這是拉德克利夫波的固有的部分。

rect 126 149 188 182 [[玫瑰星雲]]
rect 285 116 327 145 [[蟹狀星雲]]
rect 243 245 284 274 [[獵戶星雲]]
rect 299 288 345 312 [[三裂星雲]]
rect 343 304 384 333 [[礁湖星雲]]
rect 393 322 434 353 [[M17|Ω星雲]]
rect 445 322 494 353 [[鷹星雲]]
rect 424 244 483 280 [[北美洲星雲]]
rect 293 248 319 266 [[參宿七]]
rect 225 179 299 246 [[獵戶腰帶]]
rect 331 211 368 234 [[北極星]]
rect 318 236 353 259 [[太陽]]
poly 302 176 303 241 315 242 361 177 [[參宿四]]
rect 419 222 458 245 [[天津四]]
poly 0 123 508 118 637 160 637 217 470 163 0 178 [[英仙臂]]
poly 2 202 460 201 633 261 637 326 408 260 1 258 [[#互動式地圖|獵戶臂]]
poly 1 284 397 293 633 360 637 477 541 475 357 413 0 400 [[人馬臂]]

desc bottom-left
</imagemap>

科學家不知道塵埃和氣體的起伏是如何形成的；有人認為，這可能是一個小得多的星系與銀河系[[撞擊事件|碰撞]]的結果：留下了「漣漪」，或者可能與[[暗物質]]有關<ref name="theguardian-sample"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/something-appears-have-collided-milky-way-and-created-huge-wave-in-galactic-plane|title=Something Appears to Have Collided with the Milky Way and Created a Huge Wave in the Galactic Plane|date=2020-01-08|website=Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University|language=en|access-date=2020-01-09|archive-date=2020-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114233155/https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/news/in-news/something-appears-have-collided-milky-way-and-created-huge-wave-in-galactic-plane|dead-url=yes}}</ref>。在濃密的雲層中，氣體可以被壓縮，以至於新的[[恆星]]誕生<ref name="bbc"/>；有人認為這可能是[[太陽]]的起源<ref name="theguardian-sample"/>。

在拉德克利夫波中發現的許多恆星形成區域被認為是一個類似尺度，包含[[太陽系]]的「[[古爾德帶]]」，以太陽為中心暈環的一部分。現在人們瞭解到，稀疏的離散相對濃度[[星際物質]]反而形成了一個巨大的波<ref name="theguardian-sample"/><ref name="bbc"/>。

== 發現 ==
拉德克利夫波是由包括凱薩琳·紮克（Catherine Zucker）和若昂·阿爾維斯（João Alves）在內的國際天文學家團隊發現的<ref>{{cite web|first1=Bennett|last1=McIntosh|access-date=7 January 2020|title=An Interstellar Ribbon of Clouds in the Sun's Backyard|url=https://harvardmagazine.com/2020/01/intergalactic-radcliffe-wave|date=7 January 2020|website=Harvard Magazine|archive-date=2020-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107225519/https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2020/01/intergalactic-radcliffe-wave|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name=":0" />。 這是由共同作者{{link-en|艾麗莎·古德曼|Alyssa A. Goodman}}在檀香山舉行的[[美國天文學會]]第235次會議上宣佈的<ref name="cnn-strickland">{{cite web|first1=Ashley|last1=Strickland|access-date=7 January 2020|title=Astronomers discover giant wave-shaped structure in the Milky Way|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/07/world/new-milky-way-map-scn/index.html|work=CNN|archive-date=2020-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108003110/https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/07/world/new-milky-way-map-scn/index.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>，並發表在2020年1月7日的《[[自然 (期刊)|自然]]》期刊上<ref>{{cite web|access-date=7 January 2020|title=New map of Milky Way reveals giant wave of stellar nurseries|url=https://phys.org/news/2020-01-milky-reveals-giant-stellar-nurseries.html|website=Phys.org|archive-date=2020-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107212843/https://phys.org/news/2020-01-milky-reveals-giant-stellar-nurseries.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。這一發現是利用[[歐洲太空總署]]的[[蓋亞任務|蓋亞]]太空天文台的數據<ref name="AP via JT">{{cite news|last=Dunn|first=Marcia|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/01/08/world/science-health-world/titanic-wave-star-forming-gases-found-milky-way/|title=Titanic wave of star-forming gases found in Milky Way|date=8 January 2020|work=Associated Press|access-date=8 January 2020|issn=0447-5763|via=Japan Times Online|archive-date=2020-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108062849/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/01/08/world/science-health-world/titanic-wave-star-forming-gases-found-milky-way/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。這個波在[[二維計算機圖形|2D]]中是不可見的，需要新的[[三維計算機圖形|3D]]技術來繪製星際物質以揭示其模式<ref name="bbc"/><ref name="AP via JT"/><ref name="cnn-strickland"/>。波的接近距離讓天文學家感到驚訝<ref name="theguardian-sample"/><ref name="newsweek"/>。它以發現團隊的研究地點，[[馬薩諸塞州劍橋]]的[[拉德克利夫高級研究所]]<ref name="AP via JT"/>。

== 概述 ==
拉德克利夫波包含五個[[古爾德帶]]雲中的四個： 
*[[獵戶座分子雲團]]
*[[英仙座分子雲]]
*[[金牛座分子雲]]
*{{link-en|仙王座OB2星協|Cepheus OB2}} 

不在其範圍內的雲是[[蛇夫座ρ星雲複合體]]，平行於拉德克利夫波的線性結構的一部分。

波中的其他結構，遠離本地恆星系統，是{{link-en|大犬座OB1|Canis Major OB1}}、[[北美洲星雲]]和[[天鵝座X (恆星複合體)|天鵝座X]]<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|last=Alves|first=João|last2=Zucker|first2=Catherine|last3=Goodman|first3=Alyssa A.|last4=Speagle|first4=Joshua S.|last5=Meingast|first5=Stefan|last6=Robitaille|first6=Thomas|last7=Finkbeiner|first7=Douglas P.|last8=Schlafly|first8=Edward F.|last9=Green|first9=Gregory M.|date=January 2020|title=A Galactic-scale gas wave in the Solar Neighborhood|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=578|issue=7794|pages=237–239|arxiv=2001.08748|doi=10.1038/s41586-019-1874-z|pmid=31910431|bibcode=2020Natur.578..237A}}</ref>。

這個結構的質量尺度在<math>\geq3\times10^6</math>{{Solar mass|link=true}}。 它的長度有8,800 [[光年]]（2,700 [[秒差距]]），振幅為520[[光年]]（160秒差距）。拉德克利夫波佔據了[[獵戶臂|本地臂]]寬度的20%和長度的40%。後者的[[星際物質]]比波更分散，並且具有更大的恆星形成區域，例如[[麒麟座OB1星協]]，[[NGC 1499|加州星雲]]，仙王座FAR和[[蛇夫座ρ星雲複合體|蛇夫座ρ]]<ref name=":0" />。

== 相關條目 ==
*{{link-en|唧筒座2|Antlia 2}}：在[[蓋亞任務]]的數據中發現的另一個橫跨銀河系圓盤的巨大漣漪。
*{{link-en|附近星協和移動星群清單|List of nearby stellar associations and moving groups}}
*[[大裂縫 (天文學) |大裂縫]]

== 參考資料 ==
{{Reflist}}

== 外部連結 ==
*{{cite journal|pages=237–239|arxiv=2001.08748|doi=10.1038/s41586-019-1874-z|pmid=31910431|bibcode=2020Natur.578..237A|title=A Galactic-scale gas wave in the solar neighborhood|journal=Nature|volume=578|year=2020|last1=Alves|first1=João|last2=Zucker|first2=Catherine|last3=Goodman|first3=Alyssa A.|last4=Speagle|first4=Joshua S.|last5=Meingast|first5=Stefan|last6=Robitaille|first6=Thomas|last7=Finkbeiner|first7=Douglas P.|last8=Schlafly|first8=Edward F.|last9=Green|first9=Gregory M.|issue=7794}}
*[http://worldwidetelescope.org/webclient/?tourUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffaun.rc.fas.harvard.edu%2Fczucker%2FPaper_Figures%2FRadWave_AAS_Sky.WTT Interactive map of the Radcliffe wave on the sky] {{Wayback|url=http://worldwidetelescope.org/webclient/?tourUrl=https%3A%2F%2Ffaun.rc.fas.harvard.edu%2Fczucker%2FPaper_Figures%2FRadWave_AAS_Sky.WTT |date=20221110175913 }}
*[https://sites.google.com/cfa.harvard.edu/radcliffewave/ The Radcliffe Wave] {{Wayback|url=https://sites.google.com/cfa.harvard.edu/radcliffewave/ |date=20221211202233 }} informational site created by Harvard University

{{2020年太空活動}}

[[Category:恆星形成]]
[[Category:恆星天文學]]
[[Category:恆星形成區]]
[[Category:銀河系]]