查看“︁折射率列表”︁的源代码

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[[File:Refraction at interface.svg|thumb|物质分界面处光的[[折射]]]]

作为物质的特征之一，不同的物质具有不同的[[折射率]]，且折射率与光的[[頻率 (物理學)|頻率]]有关。标准折射率是指光波长为589[[纳米]]（即[[钠]]原子光谱中的双黄线）条件下测量得到的折射率。

折射率亦与[[温度]]、[[压强]]或[[應力]]、物质组成（例如杂质含量）等有较弱的关联。对于大多数物质来说，通常情况下这些因素导致的折射率变化在1%或更低的数量级。然而，若对精度有所要求，就有必要引用折射率的测量来源。

一般来说，折射率是[[复数 (数学)|复数]]，即包含实数和虚数部分，其中虚数部分表征物质对特定波长的光的吸收强度，因此虚数部分有时也被称为[[折射率#複數折射率|消光系数]]<math>k</math>。折射率的虚数部分有时十分重要，例如[[可见光]]在金属中传播的情况中，在描述折射率时必须包含其虚数部分。

[[File:RefractionReflextion-zh.svg|thumb|center|650px|光的折射、临界角及[[全反射]]]]

== 折射率列表 ==

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|+ '''一些典型物质的折射率'''
|- align=center
!物质||λ (nm)||''n''||来源
|-
|[[真空]]|| || 1 （定义值）||
|-
|[[标准状况]]下的[[空气]]|| ||1.000277||
|-
! colspan="4" | 0&nbsp;°C，1 [[标准大气压]]下的气体
|-
|[[地球大气层]]||589.29||1.000293||<ref name="ref1">{{cite book |first1= Alfred |last1=Zajac |last2= Hecht |first2=Eugene |title= Optics, Fourth Edit|publisher= Pearson Higher Education |date= 2003-03-18 |isbn= 978-0-321-18878-6}}</ref>
|-
|[[二氧化碳]]||589.29||1.001||<ref name="ref4">{{cite book |last= Morgan |first=Joseph |title= Introduction to Geometrical and Physical Optics |url= https://archive.org/details/introductiontoge0000morg |publisher= McGraw-Hill Book Company, INC. |year= 1953}}</ref><ref name="ref3">{{cite book |last= Hodgman |first= Charles D. |title= Handbook of Chemistry and Physics |publisher= Chemical Rubber Publishing Co. |year= 1957}}</ref><ref name="ref5">{{cite book |first1= Frank L. |last1=Pedrotti |first2=Leno M. |last2=Pedrotti |first3=Leno S. |last3=Pedrotti |title= Introduction to Optics, Third Edition |url= https://archive.org/details/introductiontoop0000pedr |publisher= Pearson Prentice Hall |page= [https://archive.org/details/introductiontoop0000pedr/page/221 221] |year= 2007 |isbn= 978-0-13-149933-1 }}</ref>
|-
|[[氦]]||589.29||1.000036||<ref name="ref1"/>
|-
|[[氢]]||589.29||1.000132||<ref name="ref1"/>
|-
! colspan="4" | 20&nbsp;°C 的液体
|-
|溶于[[二碘甲烷]]的[[三硫化二砷]]和[[硫]] || ||1.9||<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM40/AM40_398.pdf |title=Meyrowitz, R, A compilation and classification of immersion media of high index of refraction, American Mineralogist 40: 398 (1955) |accessdate=2019-10-22 |archive-date=2011-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616235215/http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM40/AM40_398.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
|-
|[[二硫化碳]]||589.29||1.628||<ref name="ref1"/>
|-
|[[苯]]||589.29||1.501||<ref name="ref1"/>
|-
|[[四氯化碳]]||589.29||1.461||<ref name="ref1"/>
|-
|{{tsl|en|Silicone oil|硅油}} (nD{{Sup|25}})||589.29||1.393–1.403||<ref>{{cite web |title= Silicone Fluids: Stable and Inert Media |publisher= Gelest, Inc |date= 1998 |url= http://www.gelest.com/wp-content/uploads/Goods-PDF-brochures-inert_silicones_2013.pdf |format= PDF |access-date= 2019-10-22 |archive-date= 2020-10-27 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201027000440/http://www.gelest.com/wp-content/uploads/Goods-PDF-brochures-inert_silicones_2013.pdf |dead-url= no }}</ref>
|-
|[[煤油]]|| ||1.39||
|-
|[[乙醇]] (ethyl alcohol)||589.29||1.361||<ref name="ref1"/>
|-
|[[丙酮]]|| ||1.36||
|-
|[[水]]||589.29||1.330||<ref name="ref1"/>
|-
|10% [[葡萄糖]]水溶液||589.29||1.3477||<ref name="Lide">{{cite book |edition= 82nd |editor-last= Lide |editor-first= David R. Lide |title= CRC Handbook of Physics and Chemistry |publisher= The Chemical Rubber Company |location= Cleveland, OH |year= 2001 |isbn= 978-0-8493-0482-8}}</ref>
|-
|20% 葡萄糖水溶液||589.29||1.3635||<ref name=Lide/>
|-
|60% 葡萄糖水溶液||589.29||1.4394||<ref name=Lide/>
|-
! colspan="4" | 室温下的固体
|-
|[[碳化硅]]（[[莫桑石]]）|| 589.29||2.65||<ref name=ioffe>{{cite web| url = http://www.ioffe.ru/SVA/NSM/Semicond/SiC/optic.html| title = Silicon Carbide (SiC) - Optical properties| publisher = Ioffe Institute| accessdate = 2009-06-06| archive-date = 2020-07-31| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200731221941/http://www.ioffe.ru/SVA/NSM/Semicond/SiC/optic.html| dead-url = no}}</ref>
|-
|[[二氧化鈦]]（[[金红石]]）||589.29||2.614||<ref>{{cite web |last= Polyanskiy |first= Mikhail N. |title= Optical constants of TiO<sub>2</sub> (Titanium dioxide) |work= Refractive Index Database |url= http://refractiveindex.info/?group=CRYSTALS&material=TiO2 |access-date= 2019-10-22 |archive-date= 2021-03-03 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210303205446/https://refractiveindex.info/?group=CRYSTALS&material=TiO2 |dead-url= no }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1= Shannon |first1= Robert D. |first2= Ruth C. |last2= Shannon |first3= Olaf |last3= Medenbach |first4= Reinhard X. |last4= Fischer |title= Refractive Index and Dispersion of Fluorides and Oxides |journal= J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data |volume= 31 |issue= 4 |pages= 931–970 |date= 2002-10-25 |url= https://www.nist.gov/data/PDFfiles/jpcrd623.pdf |doi= 10.1063/1.1497384 |bibcode= 2002JPCRD..31..931S |access-date= 2019-10-22 |archive-date= 2016-03-27 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160327215543/http://www.nist.gov/data/PDFfiles/jpcrd623.pdf |dead-url= no }}</ref>
|-
|[[钻石]]||589.29||2.417||<ref name="ref1"/>
|-
|[[钛酸锶]]||589.29||2.41||<ref>{{Cite journal|url = http://engineering.case.edu/centers/sdle/sites/engineering.case.edu.centers.sdle/files/optical_properties_and_electronic_structure_of_oxi.pdf|title = Optical properties and electronic structure of oxidized and reduced single-crystal strontium titanate|last = Frye|first = Asa|date = 2003|journal = Zeitschrift für Metallkunde|volume = 94|issue = 3|pages = 226|accessdate = 2014-07-11|doi = 10.3139/146.030226|last2 = French|first2 = R. H.|last3 = Bonnell|first3 = D. A.|archive-date = 2020-05-07|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200507175219/https://engineering.case.edu/centers/sdle/sites/engineering.case.edu.centers.sdle/files/optical_properties_and_electronic_structure_of_oxi.pdf|dead-url = no}}</ref>
|-
|[[五氧化二钽]]||589.29||2.15||<ref>{{Cite journal|url = https://refractiveindex.info/?shelf=main&book=Ta2O5&page=Gao|title = Optical constants of Ta2O5 (Tantalum pentoxide)|last = Polyanskiy|first = Mikhail|date = 2018|journal = Refractive Index Database|access-date = 2019-10-22|archive-date = 2020-07-25|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200725132503/https://refractiveindex.info/?shelf=main&book=Ta2O5&page=Gao|dead-url = no}}</ref>
|-
|[[琥珀]]||589.29||1.55||<ref name="ref1"/>
|-
|[[氯化钠]]||589.29||1.544||<ref name="ref8">{{cite book |first= Raymond A. |last1=Serway |last2= Faughn |first2=Jerry S. |title= College Physics, 6th Edition |url= https://archive.org/details/isbn_2740334733455 |publisher= Brooks/Cole |page= 692 |year= 2003 |isbn= 978-0-03-035114-3}}</ref>
|-
|熔融[[石英]]||589.29||1.458||<ref name="ref1"/><ref>{{Cite journal|url = http://engineering.case.edu/centers/sdle/sites/engineering.case.edu.centers.sdle/files/optical_properties_and_london_dispersion_interacti.pdf|title = Optical properties and London dispersion interaction of amorphous and crystalline {SiO2} determined by vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry|last = Tan|first = G|date = 2005|journal = Physical Review B|volume = 72|issue = 20|pages = 205117|accessdate = 2014-07-11|doi = 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.205117|last2 = Lemon|first2 = M.|last3 = Jones|first3 = D.|last4 = French|first4 = R.|bibcode = 2005PhRvB..72t5117T }}</ref>
|-
! colspan="4" | 其他物质
|-
|[[液氦]]|| ||1.025||
|-
|[[全氟己烷]]|| ||1.251|| <ref>{{cite web |url=http://multimedia.3m.com/mws/media/64892O/fluorinert-electronic-liquid-fc-72.pdf |title=Fluorinert Electronic Liquid FC-72 Product Information |accessdate=2017-05-01 |archive-date=2019-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191201060734/http://multimedia.3m.com/mws/media/64892O/fluorinert-electronic-liquid-fc-72.pdf |dead-url=no }}</ref>
|-
|[[冰]]|| ||1.31||
|-
|无定型含氟树脂（Teflon AF）|| ||1.315|| <ref name="Teflon_AF">{{cite web |url=http://www2.dupont.com/Teflon_Industrial/en_US/products/product_by_name/teflon_af/properties.html |title=Teflon AF |accessdate=2010-10-14 |archive-date=2015-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526170533/http://www2.dupont.com/Teflon_Industrial/en_US/products/product_by_name/teflon_af/properties.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url = http://engineering.case.edu/centers/sdle/sites/engineering.case.edu.centers.sdle/files/optical_properties_of_teflon_r_af_amorphous_fluo.pdf|title = Optical properties of Teflon® {AF} amorphous fluoropolymers|last = Yang|first = Min K.|date = July 2008|journal = Journal of Micro/Nano Lithography|volume = 7|issue = 3|pages = 033010|accessdate = 2014-07-11|doi = 10.1117/1.2965541}}</ref>
|-
|[[冰晶石]]|| ||1.338||
|-
|Cytop|| ||1.34|| <ref name=Cytop>{{cite web |title= CYTOP Amorphous Fluoropolymer |publisher= AGCCE Chemicals Europe, Ltd. |url= http://www.agcce.eu.com/CYTOP/TechInfo.asp |accessdate= 2010-10-14 |dead-url= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100824120507/http://www.agcce.eu.com/CYTOP/TechInfo.asp |archivedate= 2010-08-24 }}</ref>
|-
|[[聚四氟乙烯]]|| ||1.35–1.38||<ref>{{Cite book|url = http://engineering.case.edu/centers/sdle/sites/engineering.case.edu.centers.sdle/files/optical_properties_of_materials_for_concentrator_p.pdf|title = Optical properties of materials for concentrator photovoltaic systems|last = French|first = Roger H.|date = 2009|journal = IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference|pages = 000394|accessdate = 2014-07-11|doi = 10.1109/PVSC.2009.5411657|last2 = Rodriguez-Parada|first2 = J. M.|last3 = Yang|first3 = M. K.|last4 = Derryberry|first4 = R. A.|last5 = Lemon|first5 = M. F.|last6 = Brown|first6 = M. J.|last7 = Haeger|first7 = C. R.|last8 = Samuels|first8 = S. L.|last9 = Romano|first9 = E. C.|last10 = Richardson|first10 = R. E.|isbn = 978-1-4244-2949-3|display-authors = 3|archive-date = 2020-10-23|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201023110246/https://engineering.case.edu/centers/sdle/sites/engineering.case.edu.centers.sdle/files/optical_properties_of_materials_for_concentrator_p.pdf|dead-url = no}}</ref>
|-
| 25%[[食糖]]溶液|| ||1.3723||<ref name="refSugar">{{cite web |url=http://www.frederiksen.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/Export_Manuals/545920_AE_sugarsolution.pdf |title=Manual for Sugar Solution Prism |accessdate=2012-03-21 |date=2005-08-03 |publisher=A/S S. Frederiksen |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211159/http://www.frederiksen.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/Export_Manuals/545920_AE_sugarsolution.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-03 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
|-
|人[[角膜]]|| ||1.373/1.380/1.401 || <ref>{{Cite journal |last1= Patel |first1= S |last2= Marshall |first2= J |last3=Fitzke |first3= FW 3rd. |title= Refractive index of the human corneal epithelium and stroma |journal= J Refract Surg. |volume= 11 |issue= 2 |pages= 100–105 |date= Mar–Apr 1995 |pmid= 7634138 }}</ref>
|-
|人[[晶状体]]|| ||1.386–1.406||
|-
|人[[肝臟]]||964||1.369|| <ref>{{Cite journal |last1= Giannios |first1= P |last2= et |first2= al |title= Visible to near-infrared refractive properties of freshly-excised human-liver tissues: marking hepatic malignancies |journal= Sci. Rep. |volume= 6 |pages= 27910 |doi= 10.1038/srep27910 |pmid= 27297034 |pmc= 4906272 |date= 2016 |bibcode= 2016NatSR...627910G }}</ref>
|-
|人[[消化道]]||964||1.329-1.338|| <ref>{{Cite journal |last1= Giannios |first1= P |first2= et |last2=al |title= Complex refractive index of normal and malignant human colorectal tissue |journal= J. Biophotonics |doi= 10.1002/jbio.201600001 |pmid= 27091794 |date= 2016 |volume=10 |issue= 2 |pages=303–310}}</ref>
|-
|乙烯四氟乙烯共聚物（[[氟塑膜]]）|| ||1.403|| <ref>{{cite journal|title=A review of solid–fluid selection options for optical-based measurements in single-phase liquid, two-phase liquid–liquid and multiphase solid–liquid flows|authors=Wright, S.F., Zadrazil, I. & Markides, C.N.|journal=Experiments in Fluids |year=2017|volume=58 |issue=9|pages=108|bibcode=2017ExFl...58..108W|doi=10.1007/s00348-017-2386-y}}</ref>
|-
|[[聚二甲基矽氧烷]]|| ||1.4118|| <ref name="Sylgard184">{{cite web |url=http://www1.dowcorning.com/DataFiles/090007c8803bb6a1.pdf |title=184 Silicone Elastomer |publisher=Dow Corning |type=Product Information |format=PDF |accessdate=2012-12-11 |archive-date=2018-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124055110/http://www1.dowcorning.com/DataFiles/090007c8803bb6a1.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
|-
| 50%食糖溶液|| ||1.4200||<ref name="refSugar"/>
|-
|[[聚乳酸]]|| ||1.46||<ref name="PLA Optical">{{cite book|title=Poly(Lactic Acid): Synthesis, Structures, Properties, Processing, and Applications; Chapter 8: Optical Properties|pages=97|doi=10.1002/9780470649848.ch8|chapter=Optical Properties|year=2010|last1=Gonçalves|first1=Carla M. B.|last2=Coutinho|first2=Joa˜o A. P.|last3=Marrucho|first3=Isabel M.|isbn=9780470649848}}</ref>
|-
|[[派熱克斯玻璃]] || ||1.470||<ref name="ref2">{{cite web |url=http://www.matter.org.uk/schools/Content/Refraction/absolute.html |title=Absolute Refractive Index |work=Materials Teaching Educational Resources |publisher=MATTER Project |accessdate=2007-10-18 |author=[[利物浦大学]] |dead-url=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012161040/http://matter.org.uk/schools/Content/Refraction/absolute.html |archivedate=2007-10-12 }}</ref>
|-
|[[植物油]]|| ||1.47||<ref>[https://hypertextbook.com/facts/2006/TingTingLuo.shtml Index Of Refraction Of Vegetable Oil] {{Wayback|url=https://hypertextbook.com/facts/2006/TingTingLuo.shtml |date=20201021014622 }}, The Physics Factbook.</ref>
|-
|[[甘油]]|| ||1.4729||
|-
|75%食糖溶液|| ||1.4774||<ref name="refSugar"/>
|-
|[[聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯]]|| ||1.4893–1.4899||
|-
|[[石鹽]]|| ||1.516||
|-
|玻璃片|| ||1.52||
<ref name=seward>"High temperature glass melt property database for process modeling"; Eds.: Thomas P. Seward III and Terese Vascott; The American Ceramic Society, Westerville, Ohio, 2005, {{ISBN|1-57498-225-7}}</ref> 
|-
|[[冕牌玻璃]]（纯净）|| ||1.50–1.54||
|-
|PETg|| ||1.57||
|-
|[[聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯]]（PET）|| ||1.5750||
|-
|[[聚碳酸酯]]|| 150 ||1.60||<ref>C. R. Garcia, J. Correa, D. Espalin, J. H. Barton, R. C. Rumpf, R. Wicker, V. Gonzalez, "[http://www.jpier.org/PIERL/pierl34/08.12070311.pdf 3D Printing of Anisotropic Metamaterials] {{Wayback|url=http://www.jpier.org/PIERL/pierl34/08.12070311.pdf |date=20201125073247 }}," PIER Lett, Vol. 34, pp. 75-82, 2012.</ref>
|-
|[[冕牌玻璃]]（不纯净）|| ||1.485–1.755||
|-
|[[燧石玻璃]]（纯净）|| ||1.60–1.62||
|-
|[[溴]]|| ||1.661||
|-
|[[燧石玻璃]]（不纯净）|| ||1.523–1.925||
|-
|[[蓝宝石]]|| ||1.762–1.778||
|-
|[[氮化硼]] || ||2-2.14||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bn.saint-gobain.com/uploadedFiles/SGbn/Documents/Solids/Combat-Solids-DS1.pdf |title=Combat Boron Nitride |publisher=Saint Gobain |accessdate=2016-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218230636/http://www.bn.saint-gobain.com/uploadedFiles/SGbn/Documents/Solids/Combat-Solids-DS1.pdf |archive-date=2015-02-18 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
|-
|[[立方氧化鋯]]|| ||2.15–2.18||<ref>{{Cite journal|url = http://engineering.case.edu/centers/sdle/sites/engineering.case.edu.centers.sdle/files/experimental_and_theoretical_determination_of_the_0.pdf|title = Experimental and theoretical determination of the electronic structure and optical properties of three phases of {ZrO2}|last = French|first = Roger H.|date = 1994|journal = Physical Review B|volume = 49|issue = 8|pages = 5133|accessdate = 2014-07-11|doi = 10.1103/PhysRevB.49.5133|last2 = Glass|first2 = S.|last3 = Ohuchi|first3 = F.|last4 = Xu|first4 = Y.|last5 = Ching|first5 = W. |display-authors=3|bibcode = 1994PhRvB..49.5133F }}</ref>
|-
|[[铌酸钾]] (KNbO<sub>3</sub>)|| ||2.28||
|-
|[[氧化鋅]]||390||2.4||
|-
|[[硃砂]] ([[硫化汞]])|| ||3.02||
|-
|[[硅]] ||1200 - 8500 ||3.42–3.48||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pmoptics.com/silicon.html |title=Silicon |publisher=Pmoptics.com |accessdate=2014-08-21 |archive-date=2020-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731051256/http://www.pmoptics.com/silicon.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>
|-
|[[磷化鎵]]|| ||3.5||
|-
|[[砷化鎵]]|| ||3.927|| 
|-
|[[锗]]||3000 - 16000 ||4.05–4.01||<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pmoptics.com/germanium.html |title=Germanium |publisher=Pmoptics.com |accessdate=2014-08-21 |archive-date=2020-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313110221/http://www.pmoptics.com/germanium.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>
|}

==参见==
*[[Sellmeier等式]]
*{{tsl|en|Corrective lens#Ophthalmic material property tables|眼镜材料性质表}}
*{{tsl|en|Optical properties of water and ice|水和冰的光学性质}}

==参考资料==
{{reflist}}

== 外部链接 ==
*[http://www.iapws.org/relguide/rindex.pdf International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam] {{Wayback|url=http://www.iapws.org/relguide/rindex.pdf |date=20091123082157 }}
*[http://www.ioffe.ru/SVA/NSM/nk/index.html Ioffe institute, Russian Federation] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ioffe.ru/SVA/NSM/nk/index.html |date=20110514151040 }} 
*[http://www.crystran.co.uk/ Crystran, United Kingdom] {{Wayback|url=http://www.crystran.co.uk/ |date=20100504150917 }}
*[http://www.astro.uni-jena.de/Laboratory/Database/jpdoc/f-dbase.html Jena University, Germany] {{Wayback|url=http://www.astro.uni-jena.de/Laboratory/Database/jpdoc/f-dbase.html |date=20090227131511 }}
*[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/tables/indrf.html#c1 Hyperphysics list of refractive indices] {{Wayback|url=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/tables/indrf.html#c1 |date=20100420025625 }}
*[http://www.luxpop.com/ Luxpop: Index of refraction values and photonics calculations] {{Wayback|url=http://www.luxpop.com/ |date=20100427033426 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100306165232/http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_5/2_5_8.html Kaye and Laby Online] Provided by the [[英国国家物理实验室]]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100704022225/http://macro.lsu.edu/HowTo/solvents/Refractive%20Index.htm List of Refractive Indices of Solvents]

{{DEFAULTSORT:光}}
[[Category:物理學列表]]
[[Category:光學]]