查看“︁己烷性质表”︁的源代码

[[己烷]]的一些性质如下所述。

== 基本信息 ==
* 中文名：己烷、正己烷
* 化学式：C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>14</sub>
* CAS号：110-54-3、21666-38-6（氘代，d<sub>14</sub>）、4206-30-8（甲基氘代，d<sub>1</sub>）、32740-20-8（甲基氘代，d<sub>6</sub>）
* 英文名：''n''-hexane
* 外观：无色液体

== 结构性质 ==

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: #FFFFFF; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
! {{chembox header}} | 结构性质
|-
| [[折射率|折射率]], ''n''<sub>D</sub>
| 1.3727 at 20&nbsp;°C
|-
| [[阿贝数|阿贝数]]
|?
|-
| [[相对电容率|介电常数]], ε<sub>r</sub>
| 1.890 ε<sub>0</sub> at 20&nbsp;°C
|-
| [[键长]]
| 20 pm
|-
| [[晶体]]结构
| 参见文献<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Chemistry of Materials|volume=14|issue=5|language=en|issn=0897-4756|date=2002-05|pages=2192–2198|doi=10.1021/cm011267f|url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm011267f|title=Structural Investigation of Silicalite-I Loaded with n -Hexane by X-ray Diffraction, 29 Si MAS NMR, and Molecular Modeling|accessdate=2021-01-19|author=Heiko Morell, Klaus Angermund, Andrew R. Lewis, Darren H. Brouwer, Colin A. Fyfe, Hermann Gies}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Organometallic Chemistry|volume=657|issue=1-2|language=en|date=2002-09|pages=155–162|doi=10.1016/S0022-328X(02)01380-3|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022328X02013803|title=Dihydrogen bonding of decahydro-closo-decaborate(2−) and dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate(2−) anions with proton donors: experimental and theoretical investigation|accessdate=2021-01-19|author=E.S Shubina, E.V Bakhmutova, A.M Filin, I.B Sivaev, L.N Teplitskaya, A.L Chistyakov, I.V Stankevich, V.I Bakhmutov, V.I Bregadze, L.M Epstein|archive-date=2018-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630222027/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022328X02013803|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|-
| [[表面张力]]<ref>''Lange's Handbook of Chemistry'', 10th ed, pp 1661-1663</ref>
| 20.5 dyn/cm at 0&nbsp;°C<br>18.4 dyn/cm at 20&nbsp;°C<br>13.4 dyn/cm at 68&nbsp;°C
|-
| [[黏度]]<ref>''Lange's Handbook of Chemistry'', 10th ed, pp 1669-1674</ref>
| 0.4012 mPa·s at 0&nbsp;°C<br>0.3258 mPa·s at 20&nbsp;°C<br>0.2798 mPa·s at 40&nbsp;°C<br>0.2288 mPa·s at 80&nbsp;°C
|-
|}

== 热力学性质 ==

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: #FFFFFF; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
! {{chembox header}} | 相性质
|-
| [[三相点]]
| 178.0 K (–95.1&nbsp;°C), 1.23 Pa
|-
| [[临界点 (热力学)|临界点]]
| 507.6 K (234.5&nbsp;°C), 3020 kPa
|-
| [[熔点]]
| {{convert|-95.3|C|K}}<ref name=Bernardo>{{cite journal|journal=Journal of Applied Polymer Science|volume=110|issue=4|language=en|date=2008-11-15|pages=2393–2398|doi=10.1002/app.28758|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/app.28758|title=Solubility of alkanes in a polystyrene matrix|accessdate=2021-01-19|author=Gabriel Bernardo, Drahosh Vesely}}</ref>
|-
| [[沸点]]
| {{convert|68.7|C|K}}<ref name=Bernardo /><br>{{convert|59.12|C|K}}（556 torr）<br>{{convert|62.93|C|K}}（630.9 torr）<br>{{convert|64.79|C|K}}（670.8 torr）<ref>Zieborak, K. The boiling-temperature isobars of liquid mixtures near the critical solubility temperature in the hexane-aniline system. ''Bulletin de l'Academie Polonaise de Sciences, Serie des Sciences, Chimiques, Geologiques et Geographiques'', 1958. 6: 443-447. ISSN: 0366-2594.</ref>
|-
| [[熔化热|标准熔化焓变]], Δ<sub>fus</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| 13 kJ/mol
|-
| [[标准熔化熵变]], Δ<sub>fus</sub>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| 70 J/(mol·K)
|-
| [[汽化热|标准汽化焓变]], Δ<sub>vap</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| 28.85 kJ/mol at 68.8&nbsp;°C
|-
| [[标准汽化熵变]], Δ<sub>vap</sub>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| ? J/(mol·K)
|-
! {{chembox header}} | 固体性质
|-
| [[标准摩尔生成焓]], Δ<sub>f</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>solid</sub>
| ? kJ/mol
|-
| [[标准摩尔熵]],''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>solid</sub>
| ? J/(mol K)
|-
| [[熱容量]], ''c<sub>p</sub>''
| ? J/(mol K)
|-
! {{chembox header}} | 液体性质
|-
| [[标准摩尔生成焓]], Δ<sub>f</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>liquid</sub>
| –198.7 kJ/mol
|-
| [[标准摩尔熵]],<br/>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>liquid</sub>
| 295 J/(mol K)
|-
| [[燃烧热]], Δ<sub>c</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| –4163 kJ/mol
|-
| [[熱容量]], ''c<sub>p</sub>''
| 197.66	 J/(mol K)
|-
! {{chembox header}} | 气体性质
|-
| [[标准摩尔生成焓]], Δ<sub>f</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>gas</sub>
| –167.2 kJ/mol
|-
| [[标准摩尔熵]],<br/>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>gas</sub>
| 388.82 J/(mol K)
|-
| [[熱容量]], ''c<sub>p</sub>''
| 142.6 J/(mol K) at 25&nbsp;°C
|-
| [[范德華方程式|范德华常熟]]<ref name="lange1522">''Lange's Handbook of Chemistry'' 10th ed, pp 1522-1524</ref>
| a = 2471 L<sup>2</sup> kPa·mol<sup>−2</sup><br> b = 0.1735 L·mol<sup>−1</sup>
|-
|}

===液体蒸汽压===
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
|-
| {{chembox header}} | '''压力（mm Hg）''' || 1 || 10 || 40 || 100 || 400 || 760 || 1520 || 3800 || 7600 || 15200 || 30400 || 45600
|-
| {{chembox header}} | '''温度（°C）''' || –53.9 || –25.0 || –2.3 || 15.8 || 49.6 || 68.7 || 93.0 || 131.7 || 166.6 || 209.4 || &nbsp;— || &nbsp;—
|}
数据来源：''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'' 44th ed.

[[Image:LogHexaneVaoporPressure.png|thumb|770px|left|'''己烷的蒸汽压（log<sub>10</sub>）'''，使用的公式为：<math>\scriptstyle \log_e P_{mmHg} =</math><math>\scriptstyle \log_e (\frac {760} {101.325}) - 13.99935 \log_e(T+273.15) - \frac {7284.572} {T+273.15} + 105.9605 + 1.410325 \times 10^{-5} (T+273.15)^2</math>，数据来自CHERIC<ref name="cheric_p">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cheric.org/research/kdb/hcprop/cmpsrch.php|title=Pure Component Properties|format=Queriable database|publisher=Chemical Engineering Research Information Center|accessdate=25 May 2007|archive-date=2007-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070603180431/http://www.cheric.org/research/kdb/hcprop/cmpsrch.php|dead-url=no}}</ref>]]{{Clear}}

===蒸馏数据===
{|
|- valign="top"
|
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
|-
| bgcolor="#D0D0D0" align=center colspan="3" | '''正己烷/[[乙醇]]的气液平衡'''<ref name="cheric_b">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cheric.org/research/kdb/hcvle/hcvle.php|title=Binary Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data|publisher=Chemical Engineering Research Information Center|accessdate=25 May 2007|archive-date=2007-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829144547/http://www.cheric.org/research/kdb/hcvle/hcvle.php|dead-url=no}}</ref><br>''P'' = 760&nbsp;mm Hg
|- {{chembox header}}
! rowspan="2" | 沸点<br>°C
! colspan="2" | mol%（乙醇）
|- {{chembox header}}
! 液 !! 气
|-
| 76.0 || 99.0 || 90.5
|-
| 73.2 || 98.0 || 80.7
|-
| 67.4 || 94.0 || 63.5
|-
| 65.9 || 92.0 || 58.0
|-
| 61.8 || 84.8 || 46.8
|-
| 59.4 || 75.5 || 39.5
|-
| 58.7 || 66.7 || 37.0
|-
| 58.35 || 54.8 || 36.0
|-
| 58.1 || 41.2 || 35.0
|-
| 58.0 || 33.0 || 34.0
|-
| 58.25 || 27.5 || 33.0
|-
| 58.45 || 23.5 || 32.5
|-
| 59.15 || 10.2 || 29.0
|-
| 60.2 || 4.5 || 25.5
|-
| 63.5 || 1.0 || 16.0
|-
| 66.7 || 0.6 || 6.5
|-
|}
| &nbsp; &nbsp;
|
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
|-
| bgcolor="#D0D0D0" align=center colspan="3" | '''正己烷/[[甲醇]]的气液平衡'''<ref name="cheric_b"/><br>''P'' = 760&nbsp;mm Hg
|- {{chembox header}}
! rowspan="2" | 沸点<br>°C
! colspan="2" | mol%（甲醇）
|- {{chembox header}}
! 液 !! 气
|-
| 56.9 || 1.0 || 30.0
|-
| 51.3 || 2.2 || 41.8
|-
| 51.2 || 4.0 || 43.9
|-
| 50.5 || 9.5 || 47.7
|-
| 49.9 || 17.5 || 49.1
|-
| 50.0 || 28.3 || 49.6
|-
| 49.9 || 40.5 || 49.7
|-
| 49.0 || 52.5 || 50.2
|-
| 49.9 || 70.4 || 50.0
|-
| 49.9 || 72.4 || 50.0
|-
| 50.2 || 84.6 || 51.6
|-
| 50.1 || 85.4 || 51.6
|-
| 50.2 || 87.5 || 51.5
|-
| 51.4 || 90.6 || 55.0
|-
| 51.2 || 90.6 || 55.1
|-
| 51.7 || 92.2 || 56.0
|-
| 51.6 || 92.3 || 56.0
|-
| 52.8 || 94.9 || 61.2
|-
| 53.8 || 95.7 || 63.5
|-
| 54.7 || 96.5 || 66.4
|-
| 55.8 || 96.5 || 69.5
|-
| 55.6 || 96.8 || 69.4
|-
| 58.2 || 97.7 || 76.8
|-
| 57.9 || 97.8 || 75.5
|-
| 63.0 || 99.3 || 93.5
|-
| 63.5 || 99.55 || 95.0
|-
|}
| &nbsp; &nbsp;
|
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
|-
| bgcolor="#D0D0D0" align=center colspan="3" | '''正己烷/[[正庚烷]]的气液平衡'''<ref name="cheric_b"/><br>''P'' = 101.0 kPa
|- {{chembox header}}
! rowspan="2" | 沸点<br>°C
! colspan="2" | mol%（己烷）
|- {{chembox header}}
! 液 !! 气
|-
| 98.32 || 0.00 || 0.00
|-
| 96.30 || 3.83 || 8.52
|-
| 94.03 || 9.64 || 19.86
|-
| 92.35 || 13.63 || 27.31
|-
| 90.37 || 19.04 || 36.00
|-
| 88.26 || 24.59 || 44.07
|-
| 85.96 || 31.46 || 52.58
|-
| 83.22 || 39.53 || 62.36
|-
| 82.41 || 43.21 || 65.34
|-
| 80.80 || 48.53 || 70.30
|-
| 79.78 || 51.23 || 72.70
|-
| 78.79 || 55.71 || 76.22
|-
| 77.12 || 61.87 || 80.74
|-
| 75.57 || 68.24 || 84.95
|-
| 74.98 || 70.12 || 86.15
|-
| 73.51 || 76.79 || 89.93
|-
| 81.40 || 81.60 || 92.40
|-
| 70.59 || 89.91 || 96.37
|-
| 68.66 || 100.00 || 100.00
|-
|}
|}
{{Clear}}

== 谱图数据 ==

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: #FFFFFF; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
! {{chembox header}} | [[紫外-可见分光光度法|UV-Vis]]
|-
| [[Lambda-max|λ<sub>max</sub>]]
| ? [[纳米|nm]]
|-
| [[莫耳吸光度|消光系数]], ε
| ?
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[红外线|IR]]
|-
| 主要吸收峰
| ? cm<sup>&minus;1</sup>
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[核磁共振波谱法|NMR]]
|-
| [[核磁共振氢谱|<sup>1</sup>H NMR]] <!-- Link to image of spectrum -->
| (CDCl<sub>3</sub>, 400&nbsp;MHz) δ 1.35-1.23 (m, 8H), 0.91-0.86 (m, 6H)
|-
| [[13碳核磁共振|<sup>13</sup>C NMR]] <!-- Link to image of spectrum -->
| (CDCl<sub>3</sub>, 25&nbsp;MHz) δ 31.9, 22.9, 12.2
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[质谱法|MS]]
|-
| 主要碎片质量
| &nbsp; <!-- Give list of major fragments -->
|-
|}

==参考文献==
{{reflist|2}}
* {{Cite web|url=http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/|title=NIST Standard Reference Database|access-date=2021-01-19|archive-date=2007-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070523013553/http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/|dead-url=no}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:己烷|*]]
[[Category:化學性質表]]