查看“︁壬酸”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| Reference = <ref name="GESTIS">{{GESTIS|ZVG=38470|CAS=112-05-0|Datum=6. Januar 2008}}</ref>
| Name = 壬酸
| NameEn = Nonanoic acid<br />Pelargonic acid
| ImageFile = Pelargonsäure Skelett.svg
| IUPACName = Nonanoic acid
| OtherNames = 天竺葵酸<br />风吕草酸<br />洋绣球酸
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 112-05-0
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|  EINECS  =  203-931-2
|  PubChem  =  8158
|  SMILES  =  CCCCCCCCC(=O)O
|  ChEBI  =  29019
|  KEGG  =  C01601
|  UNII_Ref  = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}}|  UNII  =  97SEH7577T 
|  ChemSpiderID_Ref  = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}|  ChemSpiderID  =  7866
|  InChI  =  1/C9H18O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9(10)11/h2-8H2,1H3,(H,10,11)
|  InChIKey  =  FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYAF
|  StdInChI_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}|  StdInChI  =  1S/C9H18O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9(10)11/h2-8H2,1H3,(H,10,11)
|  StdInChIKey_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}|  StdInChIKey  =  FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|  ChEBI_Ref  = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}|  KEGG_Ref  = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|   Formula = C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>18</sub>O<sub>2</sub>
|   MolarMass = 158.24
|   Appearance = 无色至黄色油状液体
|   Density = 0.91 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (20 °C)
|   MeltingPt = 12 °C
|   BoilingPt = 255 °C
|   Solubility = 0.3 g/l
|   pKa=4.96<ref name=crc>{{cite book | author=Lide, D. R. (Ed.) | title=CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (70th Edn.) | publisher=Boca Raton (FL):CRC Press | year=1990}}</ref> || 1.055<ref>at 2.06–2.63 K</ref> || 1.53<ref>at −191 °C</ref>
|   VaporPressure = 4 Pa (20 °C)
|   RefractIndex = 1.431～1.433 (20 °C)<ref name="zghg">中国化工产品大全 上卷，Da163 壬酸，页522</ref>
  }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
|   MainHazards = 腐蚀性 ('''C''')
|   NFPA-H = 3
|   NFPA-F = 1
|   NFPA-R = 0
|   NFPA-O = 
|   RPhrases = {{R34}}
|   SPhrases = {{S1/2}}, {{S26}}, {{S28}}, {{S36/37/39}}, {{S45}}
|   FlashPt = 114 °C
|   Autoignition = 405 °C
|   LD50 = ＞5000 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> (大鼠经口)<ref>[http://www.alfa.com/content/msds/german/B21568.pdf Sicherheitsdatenblatt Alfa-Aesar]</ref>
  }}
}}

'''壬酸'''是九个[[碳]]的直链[[羧酸]]，结构式CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>7</sub>COOH。

==性质==
纯品为无色微有特殊气味的油状液体，工业品常呈淡黄色。有腐蚀性。不溶于水，溶于[[乙醇]]、[[乙醚]]和[[氯仿]]。

==制备==
1、由[[油酸]]被[[硝酸]]或[[臭氧]][[氧化]]而得。

2、[[1-辛烯]]与[[合成气]]经[[羰基化]]得到[[壬醛]]，后者在空气作用下被氧化为壬酸。
:<math>\ H_2C\!=\!CH(CH_2)_5CH_3+CO+H_2\rightarrow CH_3(CH_2)_7CHO</math><math>\ \rightarrow CH_3(CH_2)_7COOH</math>

==用途==
用作有机合成中间体，用于制取[[壬二酸]]（经氧化）、[[壬胺]]（经氨化氢化）、[[壬醇]]（经加压氢化）和壬酸[[酯]]类增塑剂等产品。

此外，壬酸在農業上可用做[[除草劑]]，對[[雜草]]幼苗的防治效果佳，且具有不受雨水淋洗而影響藥效、分解快速不易殘留等優點。<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tactri.gov.tw/Item/Detail/%E5%A3%AC%E9%85%B8%E5%B0%88%E5%8D%80 |title=壬酸推廣專區 - 農業藥物毒物試驗所 |date=2020-05-21 |language=zh-hant |accessdate=2022-01-09 |archive-date=2022-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109082257/https://www.tactri.gov.tw/Item/Detail/%E5%A3%AC%E9%85%B8%E5%B0%88%E5%8D%80 }}</ref>

==参考资料==
{{reflist}}

{{脂肪酸}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:羧酸]]
[[Category:缺少物质图片的化学品条目]]