查看“︁四甲基锗”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
| ImageFile=Tetramethylgermane.svg
|OtherNames=四甲基锗烷
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo=865-52-1
| EC-number= 212-745-0
| PubChem         = 70079
| ChemSpider      = 63268
|SMILES=C[Ge](C)(C)C
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Appearance=无色液体<ref name="IS12">{{Literatur| Autor=E. H. Brooks and F. Glockling| Titel=Tetramethylgermane| Hrsg=Robert W. Parry| Sammelwerk=Inorganic Syntheses| Band=12| Verlag=McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.| Datum=1970| Sprache=en| Seiten=58–59| ISBNdefekt=07-048517-8}}</ref>
|C=4|H=12|Ge=1
| Density= 0.978 g·cm<sup>−3</sup> (25 °C) <ref name="Aldrich">{{Sigma-Aldrich|ALDRICH|396354|Name=Tetramethylgermanium 98 %|Abruf=2011-11-22}}</ref>
| MeltingPt= −88 °C<ref name="DOI10.1002/zaac.19281740114" />
| BoilingPt= 43.4 °C<ref name="DOI10.1002/zaac.19281740114" />
|Solubility=
}}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
|OtherAnions=[[四乙基锗]]<br />[[四丁基锗]]<br />[[四苯基锗]]
|OtherCations=[[四甲基碳]]<br />[[四甲基硅]]<br />[[四甲基锡]]<br />[[四甲基铅]]
}}
}}

'''四甲基锗'''是一种[[有机锗化合物]]，化学式 Ge(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>。

== 制备==
四甲基锗可以由[[四氯化锗]]和[[甲基氯化镁]]反应而成。<ref name="DOI10.1002/zaac.19281740114">{{Literatur |Autor=L. M. Dennis |Titel=Germanium. Zusammenfassung der Untersuchungen im Department of Chemistry, Cornell University, 1921-1927 |Sammelwerk=Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie |Band=174 |Nummer=1 |Datum=1928-08-02 |Seiten=97 |DOI=10.1002/zaac.19281740114}}</ref>
:<math>\mathrm{GeCl_4\ + 4 \ (CH_3)MgCl +\  \xrightarrow[Et_2O]{} \ Ge(CH_3)_4  +\ 4\ MgCl_2 }</math>

使用[[二甲基锌]]或[[二甲基镉]]代替甲基氯化镁也是可行的。<ref name="long">{{cite journal |author= L.H. Long, C.I. Pulford+ |date= August 1968|title= The preparation and physical properties of highly pure tetramethylgermane|journal= [[Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry]]|volume= 30|issue= 8|pages= 2071–2075|issn= 0022-1902|doi=10.1016/0022-1902(68)80199-X}}</ref>

== 性质==
四甲基锗是一种无色油状液体，有类似[[氯仿]]的气味。它可溶于[[乙醇]]、[[乙醚]]和汽油。它在 0&nbsp;°C 下缓慢和硝酸反应。<ref name="DOI10.1002/zaac.19281740114" />

== 用处==
四甲基锗可用作[[转移金属化]]的[[甲基化]]试剂：<ref>{{Literatur |Autor=H. Schmidbaur, W. Findeiss |Titel=A Simple Route to Organogallium Compounds |Sammelwerk=Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English |Band=3 |Nummer=10 |Datum=1964-10 |Seiten=696 |DOI=10.1002/anie.196406961}}</ref>
:<math>\mathrm{(CH_3)_4Ge + GaCl_3 \xrightarrow{< 20\, {}^{\circ}C}  (CH_3)_3GeCl + GaCl_2(CH_3)}</math>

== 参考资料==
<references />
{{锗化合物}}
{{甲基化合物}}

[[Category:有机锗化合物]]
[[Category:甲基化合物]]