查看“︁四溴化钛”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 428093946
| NameEn = Titanium tetrabromide
| ImageFile = TiBr4.png
| ImageName = Titanium tetrabromide
| ImageFile1 = Titanium-tetrabromide-3D-balls.png
| ImageName1 = Ball-and-stick model of the titanium tetrabromide molecule
| IUPACName = Titanium(IV) bromide
| OtherNames = 溴化钛、溴化钛(IV)
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 7789-68-6
| PubChem = 123263
| RTECS = 
| EINECS = 232-185-0
| InChI = 1S/4BrH.Ti/h4*1H;/q;;;;+4/p-4
| SMILES = [Ti](Br)(Br)(Br)Br
  }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = TiBr<sub>4</sub>
| MolarMass = 367.483
| Appearance = 琥珀色固体<ref name="brauer" />
| Density = 3.25 g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name="Sigma">{{Sigma-Aldrich|Aldrich|451606|Name=Titanium(IV) bromide, anhydrous, powder, 99.99% trace metals basis|Abruf=2012-08-08}}</ref>
| Solubility = 水解<ref name="brauer" />
| SolubleOther = 易溶于醇<ref name="brauer" /><br />可溶于醚<ref name="brauer" /><br />可溶于浓盐酸<ref name="brauer" />
| MeltingPt = {{convert|39.5|C|K}}<ref>Fritsch, Pierre. Magnetic rotatory power of TiBr4. ''Compt. rend.'', 1943. 217: 447.</ref>
| BoilingPt = {{convert|233.4|C|K}}<ref>{{cite book|location=Hoboken, NJ, USA|isbn=9780470132401|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc.|date=2007-01-05|pages=46–50|url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9780470132401.ch14|title=Titanium(IV) Bromide|accessdate=2021-01-12|editor=S. Y. Tyree|author=Rolf B. Johannesen, Charles L. Gordon, Karl H. Gayer, Lawrence Balash|doi=10.1002/9780470132401.ch14}}</ref>
  }}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| Coordination = 四面体
| CrystalStruct = 立方晶系， Pa{{overline|3}}, Z = 8
| Dipole = 0 D
  }}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS =
| MainHazards = 腐蚀性
| NFPA-H = 3
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 1
| NFPA-S = 
| FlashPt = 不可燃
| RPhrases = 14-34
| SPhrases = 26-36/37/39-45
  }}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = [[四氯化钛]] <br/> [[四氟化钛]] <br/> [[四碘化钛]]
| OtherCpds = [[三溴化钛]]
  }}
}}
'''四溴化钛'''的化学式是TiBr<sub>4</sub>，其性质介于[[四碘化钛]]和[[四氯化钛]]之间。这类4价钛的四配物有些关键的通性，如[[路易士酸]]性较高，且易溶于非极性有机溶剂。TiBr<sub>4</sub>为抗磁性物质，中心原子的外层电子组态为d<sup>0</sup>。<ref>Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. {{ISBN|0-12-352651-5}}.</ref>

==制备==
四溴化钛可以由[[四氯化钛]]和[[溴化氢]]反应而成。<ref name="brauer" />
:<math>\mathrm{TiCl_4 + 4 \ HBr \longrightarrow TiBr_4 + 4 \ HCl}</math>

四溴化钛也可以由以下反应产生：<ref name="brauer" />
:<math>\mathrm{Ti + 2 \ Br_2 \longrightarrow TiBr_4}</math>
:<math>\mathrm{TiO_2 + 2 \ C + 2 \ Br_2 \longrightarrow TiBr_4 + 2 \ CO}</math>
:<math>\mathrm{3 \ TiCl_4 + 4 \ BBr_3 \longrightarrow 3 \ TiBr_4 + 4 \ BCl_3}</math>

非常纯的四溴化钛可以由[[二溴化铅]]和钛反应而成。<ref name="brauer" />
:<math>\mathrm{2 \ PbBr_2 + Ti \longrightarrow 2 \ Pb + TiBr_4}</math>

== 性质==
四溴化钛是一种琥珀黄色晶体。它极易潮解，会水解成[[二氧化钛]]和氢溴酸。刚结晶的四溴化钛是[[四碘化锡]]结构的，空间群 Pa{{overline|3}} (No. 205)，晶格参数 a = 1130.0&nbsp;[[皮米|pm]]。放置很久的四溴化钛会转变成[[四溴化锡]]结构，空间群 P2<sub>1</sub>/c (No. 14)，晶格参数 a = 1017&nbsp;pm、b = 709&nbsp;pm、c = 1041&nbsp;pm 和β = 101.97°。<ref name="brauer">[[Georg Brauer]] (Hrsg.), unter Mitarbeit von [[Marianne Baudler]] u.&nbsp;a.: ''Handbuch der Präparativen Anorganischen Chemie.'' 3., umgearbeitete Auflage. Band II, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-432-87813-3, S. 1348ff.</ref><ref name="Jean D'Ans, Ellen Lax">{{Literatur | Autor  = Jean D'Ans, Ellen Lax | Titel = Taschenbuch für Chemiker und Physiker | Verlag = Springer DE | ISBN = 3-540-600353 | Jahr = 1997 | Online = {{Google Buch | BuchID = ssy59etLaksC | Seite = 766 }} | Seiten = 766 }}</ref>

==反应==
四溴化钛会形成加合物，如 TiBr<sub>4</sub>([[THF]])<sub>2</sub> 和 [TiBr<sub>5</sub>]<sup>−</sup>。<ref>{{cite journal | journal = [[J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans.]] | year = 1975 | issue = 14 | pages = 1402–1405 | doi = 10.1039/DT9750001402 | title =Pentachloro- and pentabromo-titanate(IV) ions |author1=Colin S. Creaser  |author2=J. Alan Creighton |name-list-style=amp }}</ref> 它和[[2-甲基吡啶]] (2-Mepy)配合，形成五配位的 TiBr<sub>4</sub>(2-MePy)。这种分子是三角双锥构型的，吡啶环在水平方向。<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Hensen, K. |author2=Lemke, A. |author3=Bolte, M. | title = Tetrabromo(2-methylpyridine-N)-titanate(IV) | journal = [[Acta Crystallographica]] | year = 2000 | volume = C56 | issue = 12 | pages = e565–e566 | doi = 10.1107/S0108270100015407}}</ref>

TiBr<sub>4</sub>在[[有机合成]]中可用作路易斯酸[[催化剂]]。<ref>{{cite journal |author1=B. Patterson, S. Marumoto  |author2=S. D. Rychnovsky  |name-list-style=amp | title = Titanium(IV)-Promoted Mukaiyama Aldol-Prins Cyclizations | year = 2003 | journal = [[Org. Lett.]] | volume = 5 | issue = 17 | pages = 3163–3166 | doi = 10.1021/ol035303n | pmid = 12917007}}</ref>

四溴化钛和四氯化钛混合，会形成各种通式 TiBr<sub>4−x</sub>Cl<sub>x</sub> (x = 0-4)的化合物。它的机理不明。<ref>{{cite journal | author1 = S. P. Webb | author2 = M. S. Gordon | name-list-style = amp | title = Intermolecular Self-Interactions of the Titanium Tetrahalides TiX4 (X = F, Cl, Br) | year = 1999 | journal = [[J. Am. Chem. Soc.]] | volume = 121 | issue = 11 | pages = 2552–2560 | doi = 10.1021/ja983339i | url = https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1355&context=chem_pubs | access-date = 2021-07-17 | archive-date = 2021-05-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210515003329/https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1355&context=chem_pubs | dead-url = no }}</ref>

== 参考文献 ==
{{reflist}}
{{钛化合物}}
{{溴化物}}

[[Category:四价钛化合物]]
[[Category:卤化钛]]
[[Category:溴化物]]