查看“︁四溴化钍”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
| Name = 
| NameEn = thorium tetrabromide
| ImageFile =Kristallstruktur_Uran(IV)-chlorid.png
|  ImageSize = 
|  ImageAlt = 
| IUPACName = 
| IUPACNameZh = 
| OtherNames = 溴化钍
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
|   CASNo = 13453-49-1
|   CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|   CASNo_Comment = 无水
|   CASNo2 = 20333-47-5
|   CASNo2_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|   CASNo2_Comment = 八水
|   PubChem = 
|   SMILES =  Br[Th](Br)(Br)Br}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|   Formula = ThBr<sub>4</sub>
|   MolarMass = 551.65
|   Appearance = 白色固体
|   Density = 5.72 g·cm<sup>−3</sup>（α型）<br>5.76 g·cm<sup>−3</sup>（β型）
|   MeltingPt = 678±5 °C<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Journal of the Less Common Metals|volume=35|issue=2|language=en|date=1974-04|pages=331–338|doi=10.1016/0022-5088(74)90245-8|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022508874902458|title=Crystal structures of ThBr4 polymorphs|accessdate=2020-11-03|author=J.T. Mason, M.C. Jha, D.M. Bailey, P. Chiotti|archive-date=2018-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701212731/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022508874902458|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|   BoilingPt = 
|   Solubility =  易溶}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
|   MainHazards = 
|   FlashPt = 
|   Autoignition =  }}
}}
'''四溴化钍'''是一种无机化合物，化学式为ThBr<sub>4</sub>。

==制备==
它可由[[二氧化钍]]、[[溴]]和[[碳]]在800~900 °C反应得到。这种方法会产生α和β型溴化钍的混合物。纯α型的产物通过长时间于330~375 °C加热混合物得到。纯β型则是将产物加热至470 °C，然后在冰水中迅速降温得到。<ref name=Georg>Georg Brauer, unter Mitarbeit von Marianne Baudler u. a. (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Präparativen Anorganischen Chemie. 3., umgearbeitete Auflage. Band I. Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6, S. 1136.</ref>
:<math>\mathrm{ThO_2 + 2 \ C + 2 \ Br_2 \longrightarrow ThBr_4 + 2 \ CO}</math>
四溴化钍也可由[[钍]]和[[溴]]的反应制得。[[氢氧化钍]]和[[氢溴酸]]反应，从溶液中可以结晶出水合物。<ref name=Lester>Lester R. Morss, Norman M. Edelstein, J. Fuger (Hrsg.): The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (Set Vol. 1–6). Springer, 2010, ISBN 978-94-007-0211-0, S. 81 f. ([https://books.google.de/books?id=9vPuV3A0UGUC&pg=PA81#v=onepage Google Book] {{Wayback|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=9vPuV3A0UGUC&pg=PA81#v=onepage |date=20160409183235 }})</ref>

==性质==
四溴化钍存在低温的α型和高温的β型，它们都是白色潮解性固体，极易溶于水、乙醇和乙酸乙酯。它在标准状况下可以和[[氟气]]反应，加热时和[[氯气]]或[[氧气]]反应。β型溴化钍在室温时是介稳的，经过10至12周转化为α型，而α型至β型的转变在420 °C左右发生。α型溴化钍是[[正交晶系]][[晶体]]，而β型溴化钍是[[四方晶系]][[晶体]]，空间群''I''4<sub>1</sub>/amd。它的一些水合物是已知的，这些水合物加热生成溴氧化钍。<ref name=Lester />
==参考文献==
{{reflist}}

==拓展阅读==
<small>
* Kulyukhin, S. A.; Kamenskaya, A. N.; Mikheev, N. B.; Rumer, I. A.; Novichenko, V. L.; Kazakevich, M. Z. Reduction of thorium and protactinium to the oxidation state 3+ in tetrahydrofuran solutions. ''Radiochemistry (Moscow)(Translation of Radiokhimiya)'', 1997. 39 (6): 501-503. ISSN: 1066-3622. CODEN: RDIOEO.
</small>
{{钍化合物}}
{{溴化物}}

[[Category:钍化合物]]
[[Category:溴化物]]
[[Category:锕系金属卤化物]]