查看“︁四氧化三锰”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| Reference = <ref name="BGIA">{{GESTIS|Name=|ZVG=570264|CAS=1317-35-7|Datum=08.01.2008}}</ref>
| ImageFile = Hausmannite structure.jpg
| ImageSize = 120px
| IUPACName = Manganese(II) dimanganese(III) oxide 
| OtherNames = 氧化锰(II,III)<br />黑锰矿
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 1317-35-7
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|  PubChem  =  14825
|  RTECS  =  OP0895000
|  SMILES  =  [Mn+3].[O-2].[Mn+2].[O-2].[Mn+3].[O-2].[O-2]
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub><br/>
MnO·Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>
| MolarMass = 228.8118
| Appearance = 暗红色、褐色至黑色无臭粉末
| Density = 4.86 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| MeltingPt = 1567 °C 
| BoilingPt = 2847 °C<ref>[http://www.oehha.ca.gov/air/chronic_rels/pdf/mangnREL.pdf www.oehha.ca.gov] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013033828/http://www.oehha.ca.gov/air/chronic_rels/pdf/mangnREL.pdf |date=2009-10-13 }}</ref>
| Solubility = 不溶于水
| SolOther = 溶于[[盐酸]]
 }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
| EUClass = 有害 ('''Xn''')
| RPhases = {{R20/21/22}}, {{R36/37/38}}
| SPhases = {{S26}}, {{S36}}
| Autoignition = }}
}}

'''四氧化三锰'''是一种[[无机化合物]]，[[化学式]]为Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>。

==性质==
四氧化三锰是一种黑色[[四方晶系|四方]]结晶，经灼烧成结晶，属于[[尖晶石]]类，离子结构为 <math>\rm \ Mn^{2+} \ (Mn^{3+})_2O_4</math> ，其中二价和三价锰离子分布在两种不同的晶格位置上。氧离子为立方紧密堆积，二价锰离子占四面体空隙，三价锰离子占八面体空隙。温度1443K以下时四氧化三锰为变形的四方晶系尖晶石结构，变形原因为[[姜-泰勒效应]]；1443K以上则为[[立方晶系|立方]]尖晶石结构。<ref name="zghg">中国化工产品大全 上卷，Bc204 四氧化三锰，页195</ref>

室温下四氧化三锰是顺磁性，但在41～43K以下时则有[[亚铁磁性]]。<ref>Magnetic Structure of Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> by Neutron Diffraction Boucher B., Buhl R., Perrin M., J. Appl. Phys. 42, 1615 (1971); {{doi|10.1063/1.1660364}}</ref>

四氧化三锰在自然界中以[[黑锰矿]]形式存在，是最稳定的[[氧化物]]。不溶于水，可溶于[[盐酸]]。

==制备==
1、由金属锰或锰氧化物（如[[二氧化锰]]）、氢氧化物、碳酸盐、亚硫酸盐、硫酸盐、硝酸盐及高锰酸盐在空气或氧气中于1000°C灼烧，经冷却、粉碎制得。<ref name="zghg" />
:<math>\rm \ 3MnO_2\rightarrow Mn_3O_4+O_2</math>

2、[[二氧化锰]]或[[水锰矿]]先焙烧成[[三氧化二锰]]，再在[[甲烷]]存在下，于250～500°C进一步被还原为四氧化三锰。<ref name="zghg" />
:<math>\rm \ 2MnOOH\rightarrow Mn_2O_3+H_2O</math>
:<math>\rm \ 3Mn_2O_3+\tfrac{1}{4} CH_4\rightarrow 2Mn_3O_4 + \tfrac{1}{4}CO_2 + \tfrac{1}{2}H_2O</math>

最近有很多制备四氧化三锰纳米晶的研究。<ref>Hausmannite Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanorods: synthesis, characterization and magnetic properties Jin Du et al.  Nanotechnology, (2006),17 4923-4928, {{doi| 10.1088/0957-4484/17/19/024}}</ref><ref>One-step synthesis of Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles: Structural and magnetic study Vázquez-Olmos A.,  Redón R, Rodríguez-Gattorno G., Mata-Zamora M.E., Morales-Leal F, Fernández-Osorio A.L, Saniger J.M.   Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 291, 1, (2005), 175-180 {{doi|10.1016/j.jcis.2005.05.005}}</ref><ref>Use of Carbonaceous Polysaccharide Microspheres as Templates for Fabricating Metal Oxide Hollow Spheres Xiaoming Sun, Junfeng Liu , Yadong Li, Chemistry - A European Journal ,(2005),  12,  7 , 2039 – 2047 , {{doi|10.1002/chem.200500660}}</ref>

==用途==
四氧化三锰主要用于电子工业，用作[[软磁铁氧体]]的生产原料、电子计算机中存储信息的磁芯、磁盘和磁带、电话用变压器和高品质电感器、电视回扫变压器、磁记录用磁头、电感器、磁放大器、饱和电感器、天线棒等。此外也用作涂料和油漆的色料。<ref name="zghg" />

四氧化三锰可用作很多反应的催化剂，例如[[甲烷]]和[[一氧化碳]]的氧化反应<ref>The reduction and oxidation behaviour of manganese oxides Stobhe E.R, de Boer A.D., Geus J.W., Catalysis Today. (1999), 47, 161–167. {{doi|10.1016/S0920-5861(98)00296-X}}</ref><ref>An in situ XRD investigation of singly and doubly promoted manganese oxide methane coupling catalysts.Moggridge G.D, Rayment T, Lambert R.M.  Journal of  Catalysis, (1992), 134, 242–252, {{doi|10.1016/0021-9517(92)90225-7}}</ref>、[[一氧化氮]]的分解反应<ref> NO Decomposition over Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. Yamashita T, Vannice A., Journal of Catalysis (1996),163, 158–168, {{doi|10.1006/jcat.1996.0315}}</ref>、[[硝基苯]]的还原反应<ref>Selective reduction of nitrobenzene to nitrosobenzene over different kinds of trimanganese tetroxide catalysts.Wang W.M., Yang Y.N., Zhang J.Y.,  Applied Catalysis A. (1995), 133, 1, 81–93 {{doi|10.1016/0926-860X(95)00186-7}}</ref>以及有机物的催化燃烧<ref> Catalytic combustion of C3 hydrocarbons and oxygenates over Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. Baldi M, Finocchio E, Milella F, Busca G., Applied Catalysis B. (1998), 16, 1, 43–51, {{doi|10.1016/S0926-3373(97)00061-1}}</ref>等。

==参考资料==
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{{錳礦石}}
{{锰化合物}}
{{Oxides}}

[[Category:锰化合物]]
[[Category:锰-氧化合物]]
[[Category:氧化物]]