查看“︁四氟乙烯”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| Name = 四氟乙烯
| ImageFileL1 = Tetrafluoroethylene.svg
| ImageSizeL1 = 100px
| ImageNameL1 = 四氟乙烯
| ImageFileR1 = Tetrafluoroethylene-3D-vdW.png
|ImageSizeR1 = 110px 
| ImageNameR1 = 四氟乙烯
| IUPACName = Tetrafluoroethene
| OtherNames = 1,1,2,2-四氟乙烯<br />全氟乙烯<br />R1114<br />TFE
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
|   CASNo = 116-14-3
|   CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|   PubChem  =  8301
|   SMILES  =  FC(F)=C(F)F
|   KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}}
|   KEGG = C19299
|   UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
|   UNII = OMW63Z518S
|   ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
|   ChEMBL = 541730
|   ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
|   ChEBI = 38866
|   ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
|   ChemSpiderID = 8000
|   InChI = 1/C2F4/c3-1(4)2(5)6
|   InChIKey = BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYAC
|   StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
|   StdInChI = 1S/C2F4/c3-1(4)2(5)6
|   StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
|   StdInChIKey = BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|C=2|F=4
|   Density = 1.519 g/cm<sup>3</sup>(液态，-76 °C)<br />4.51 g/l (气态，0 °C)<ref name="GESTIS">{{GESTIS|ZVG=490980|Name=Tetrafluorethen|Datum=13. Dezember 2007}}</ref>
|Appearance = 无色气体<ref name="GESTIS"/>
|   MeltingPt = -142.5 °C<ref name="GESTIS"/>
|   BoilingPt = -75.6 °C<ref name="GESTIS"/>
|   VaporPressure = 2.95 MPa (20 °C)<ref name="GESTIS"/>
|   Solubility = 179 mg/l (20 °C)<ref name="GESTIS"/>
  }}
|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry
|DeltaHf=−658.9 kJ·[[mol]]<sup>−1</sup><ref name="CRC90_5_21">{{CRC Handbook|Auflage=90|Titel=Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances|Kapitel=5|Startseite=21}}</ref>
}}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
|   EUClass = 极易燃 ('''F+''')
|   RPhrases = {{R12}}
|   SPhrases = {{S9}}, {{S16}}, {{S33}}
| NFPA-F = 4
| NFPA-H = 3
| NFPA-R = 3
| NFPA-O = OX
  }}
}}

'''四氟乙烯'''，结构式F<sub>2</sub>C＝CF<sub>2</sub>，是最简单的[[全氟化合物|全氟]][[烯烃]]。这种气体主要用于生产[[氟碳涂料]]。

==性质==
四氟乙烯是无色无臭的气体。和其它不饱和碳氟化合物一样，四氟乙烯很容易被[[亲核试剂]]攻击。它对分解成[[碳]]和[[四氟化碳]]（{{chem|CF|4}}）的反应不稳定，与空气接触可能产生爆炸性的过氧化物。<ref name=oxide>{{cite journal |last1=Gozzo |first1=F. |last2=Camaggi |first2=G. |title=Oxidation reactions of tetrafluoroethylene and their products—I |journal=Tetrahedron |date=January 1966 |volume=22 |issue=6 |pages=1765–1770 |doi=10.1016/S0040-4020(01)82248-1}}</ref>

==制备==
[[一氯二氟甲烷]]的[[热裂解]]会产生四氟乙烯：<ref>{{cite journal | last=Sung | first=Dae Jin | last2=Moon | first2=Dong Ju | last3=Lee | first3=Yong Jun | last4=Hong | first4=Suk-In | title=Catalytic Pyrolysis of Difluorochloromethane to Produce Tetrafluoroethylene | journal=International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering | publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH | volume=2 | issue=1 | date=2004-01-28 | issn=1542-6580 | doi=10.2202/1542-6580.1065}}</ref>
:<math>\mathrm{2 \ CHClF_2 \longrightarrow C_2F_4 + 2 \ HCl}</math>

在碳电极之间对[[四氟甲烷]]放电，也可以生成四氟乙烯。<ref>{{cite journal | last=Ruff | first=Otto | last2=Bretschneider | first2=Otto | title=Die Bildung von Hexafluoräthan und Tetrafluoräthylen aus Tetrafluorkohlenstoff | journal=Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie | publisher=Wiley | volume=210 | issue=2 | date=1933-01-13 | issn=0863-1786 | doi=10.1002/zaac.19332100212 | pages=173–183}}</ref>

:<math>\mathrm{4 \ CF_4 + 2 \ C \longrightarrow C_2F_4 + 2 \ C_2F_6}</math>

===实验室制法===
制备四氟乙烯的便携安全制法是[[五氟丙酸]]钠的热分解：<ref>{{cite journal |doi = 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2016.10.004|title = Preparation of tetrafluoroethylene from the pyrolysis of pentafluoropropionate salts|year = 2017|last1 = Hercules|first1 = Daniel A.|last2 = Parrish|first2 = Cameron A.|last3 = Sayler|first3 = Todd S.|last4 = Tice|first4 = Kevin T.|last5 = Williams|first5 = Shane M.|last6 = Lowery|first6 = Lauren E.|last7 = Brady|first7 = Michael E.|last8 = Coward|first8 = Robert B.|last9 = Murphy|first9 = Justin A.|last10 = Hey|first10 = Trevyn A.|last11 = Scavuzzo|first11 = Anthony R.|last12 = Rummler|first12 = Lucy M.|last13 = Burns|first13 = Emory G.|last14 = Matsnev|first14 = Andrej V.|last15 = Fernandez|first15 = Richard E.|last16 = McMillen|first16 = Colin D.|last17 = Thrasher|first17 = Joseph S.|journal = Journal of Fluorine Chemistry|volume = 196|pages = 107–116}}</ref>
:C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>5</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>Na  →   C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>4</sub>  +  CO<sub>2</sub>  +  NaF 
聚四氟乙烯在{{Convert|650|–|700|C|F|-1}}的真空石英容器中的{{le|解聚合|Depolymerization}}是四氟乙烯传统的实验室制法，反应必须注意压力以避免产生全氟异丁烯。聚四氟乙烯在低于{{Convert|5|Torr|Pa|-1|abbr=on|lk=on}}的压力下[[裂化]]只会产生C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>4</sub>。在较高压力下，产物会包含[[六氟丙烯]]和[[八氟环丁烷]]。<ref>{{cite journal|author1=R. J. Hunadi  |author2=K. Baum |title=Tetrafluoroethylene: A Convenient Laboratory Preparation|journal= Synthesis|year= 1982|volume=39|issue=6 |page=454|doi=10.1055/s-1982-29830}}</ref>

==用途==
用于制造[[聚四氟乙烯]]、其他氟橡胶和氟塑料、[[全氟丙烯]]，以及新型热塑料、工程塑料和灭火剂等。

==参考资料==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:全氟化合物]]
[[Category:单体]]
[[Category:IARC第2A类致癌物质]]
[[Category:二碳有机物]]