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{{Chembox|ImageFile=Dioxygen-3D-ball-&-stick.png|ImageFile1=Dioxygen-3D-vdW.png|IUPACName=|SystematicName=|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | Gmelin = 491 | ChEBI = 26689 | SMILES = O=O | StdInChI = 1S/O2/c1-2 | StdInChIKey = MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N }}|Section2={{Chembox Properties | O=2 | Solubility = 起反應 }}|NameEn=Dioxidene}} <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound</div> '''单线态氧'''是一种气态[[无机化学|无机]]化学物质,分子式为 O=O(也写作{{Chem|1|[O|2|]}}或{{Chem|1|O|2}} ), 它处于所有电子自旋配对的量子态。它在环境温度下动力学不稳定,但衰减速度很慢。 [[氧的同素异形体|双原子氧分子]]的最低[[激发态]]是[[单重态|单线态]]。它是一种气体,其物理性质与更普遍的 [[基态]]的[[三线态氧|三重态O<sub>2</sub>]]物理性质仅略有不同。然而,就其化学反应性而言,单线态氧对有机化合物的反应性要高得多。它參與许多材料的光降解,但可以在[[有机合成|制备有机化学]]和[[光動力療法|光动力疗法]]中发挥建设性作用。在高层大气和污染的城市大气中发现了微量的单线态氧,它有助于形成对肺有害的[[二氧化氮]]。 <ref name="Pitts_1969">{{Cite book|vauthors=Wayne RP|title=Singlet Molecular Oxygen|work=Advances in Photochemistry|year=1969|volume=7|pages=311–71|doi=10.1002/9780470133378.ch4|isbn=9780470133378}}</ref> {{Rp|355–68}} 术语“单线态氧”和“[[三线态氧]]”源自每种形式的电子[[自旋]]数。单重态只有一种可能的电子自旋排列,总量子自旋为 0,而三重态有三种可能的电子自旋排列,总量子自旋为 1,对应于三个[[简并能级|简并]]态。 在[[光譜符號|光谱符号]]中,O<sub>2</sub>的最低单线态和三线态形式分别标记为<sup>1</sup>Δ<sub>g</sub>和<sup>3</sup>Σ{{su|b=g|p=−}}。 <ref name="Klán_2009">{{Cite book|last=Klán|first=Petr|last2=Wirz|first2=Jakob|name-list-style=vanc|title=Photochemistry of Organic Compounds: From Concepts to Practice|date=2009|publisher=Wiley|location=Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.|isbn=978-1405190886|edition=Repr. 2010}}</ref><ref name="Atkins_2006"/><ref name="www.christianhill.co.uk">{{Cite web|last=Hill|first=Christian|name-list-style=vanc|title=Molecular Term Symbols|url=http://www.christianhill.co.uk/static/teaching/cribs/molecular_term_symbols.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905054529/https://www.christianhill.co.uk/static/teaching/cribs/molecular_term_symbols.pdf|archive-date=5 September 2017|access-date=10 October 2016}}</ref> == 电子结构 == 单线态氧是指两个单线态电子激发态之一。两个单线态表示为<sup>1</sup>Σ{{su|b=g|p=+}}和 <sup>1</sup>Δ<sub>g</sub>(前面的上标“1”表示单重态)。兩個单重态氧的能量分別比三重态氧高每[[摩尔 (单位)|摩尔]]158和每摩尔95[[焦耳|千焦]]。在最常见的实验室条件下,较高的能量<sup>1</sup>Σ{{su|b=g|p=+}}单重态迅速转换为更稳定、能量更低的<sup>1</sup>Δ<sub>g</sub>单重态。 <ref name="Klán_2009"/>这两种激发态中的这种更稳定的状态有两个价电子在一个 π* 轨道中自旋配对,而第二个 π* 轨道是空的。这兩种状态氧氣稱為''单线态氧'',通常缩写为<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> ,以区别于三线态基态分子<sup>3</sup>O<sub>2</sub> 。 <ref name="Klán_2009" /> <ref name="Atkins_2006"/> [[分子轨道理论]]预测氧氣有由分子项符号表示的电子基态和两个低位激发[[单重态]],项符号为<sup>1</sup>Σ{{su|b=g|p=+}}和 <sup>1</sup>Δ<sub>g</sub>。这三种电子态的不同之处仅在于自旋數和氧的两个[[简并能级|简并的]][[反键轨道|反键]]π<sub>g</sub>轨道的占据狀況。这两个轨道被归类为[[反键轨道]]并且具有更高的能量。遵循[[洪德最大多重度规则]],在基态下,这些电子[[電子對|不成对]]并且具有相似(相同)的自旋。分子氧的这种开壳三重态基态不同于大多数稳定的双原子分子,后者具有单线态 ( <sup>1</sup>Σ{{su|b=g|p=+}} ) 基态。 <ref>{{Cite book|last=Levine|first=Ira N.|name-list-style=vanc|title=Quantum Chemistry|url=https://archive.org/details/quantumchemistry0000levi_o9d6|edition=4th|date=1991|publisher=Prentice-Hall|isbn=978-0-205-12770-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/quantumchemistry0000levi_o9d6/page/n396 383]}}</ref> 再次根据[[洪德最大多重度规则]],可以很容易地从该基态获得两个不太稳定、能量较高的[[激发态]]; <ref>{{Cite book|last=Frimer|first=Aryeh A.|title=Singlet Oxygen: Volume I, Physical-Chemical Aspects|url=https://archive.org/details/singleto0000unse|date=1985|publisher=CRC Press|location=Boca Raton, Fla.|isbn=9780849364396|name-list-style=vanc|pages=[https://archive.org/details/singleto0000unse/page/n19 4]–7}}</ref>第一个将一个高能未配对的基态电子从一个簡併轨道移动到另一个,在那里它自旋翻转并与另一个配对,并创建一个新状态,称为<sup>1</sup>Δ<sub>g</sub>([[能项符号|能項符号]],其中前面的上标“1”表示它是单态)状态的单线态。 <ref name="Klán_2009"/> <ref name="Atkins_2006">{{Cite book|last=Atkins|first=Peter|last2=de Paula|first2=Julio|name-list-style=vanc|title=Atkins' Physical Chemistry|edition=8th|date=2006|pages=[https://archive.org/details/atkinsphysicalch00pwat/page/482 482–3]|publisher=W.H.Freeman|isbn=978-0-7167-8759-4|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/atkinsphysicalch00pwat/page/482}}</ref>或者,两个电子都可以保持在它们的简并基态轨道中,但是一个电子的自旋可以“翻转”,因此它现在与第二个电子擁有相反自旋(即,它仍然在一組简并轨道中,但兩個電子自旋方向不同) ;这也创建了一个新状态,称为<sup>1</sup>Σ{{su|b=g|p=+}}单重态。 <ref name="Klán_2009" /> <ref name="Atkins_2006" />氧的基态和前两个单线态激发态可以通过下图中的简单分子軌域圖来描述。 <ref>For triplet ground state on right side of diagram, see C.E.Housecroft and A.G.Sharpe ''Inorganic Chemistry'', 2nd ed. (Pearson Prentice-Hall 2005), p.35 {{ISBN|0130-39913-2}}</ref> <ref>For changes in singlet states on left and in centre, see [[弗兰克·阿尔伯特·科顿|F. Albert Cotton]] and [[杰弗里·威尔金森|Geoffrey Wilkinson]]. ''Advanced Inorganic Chemistry'', 5th ed. (John Wiley 1988), p.452 {{ISBN|0-471-84997-9}}</ref> [[File:Molecular_orbital_scheme_for_the_three_forms_of_oxygen.png|center|thumb|900x900px|两个单线态激发态以及分子氧的三线态基态的分子轨道图。从左到右,图表是: <sup>1</sup>Δ<sub>g</sub>单线态氧(第一激发态), <sup>1</sup>Σ{{su|b=g|p=+}}单线态氧(第二激发态)和<sup>3</sup>Σ{{su|b=g|p=−}}三线态氧(基态)。最低能量的 1s 分子轨道在所有三个中均匀填充,为简单起见省略。标记为 π 和 π* 的宽水平线分别代表两个分子轨道(总共最多填充 4 个电子)。这三种状态仅在两个简并 π*[[反键轨道|反键]]轨道中电子的占据和自旋状态不同。 ]] <sup>1</sup>Δ<sub>g</sub>单重态的能量較三重态<sup>3</sup>Σ{{su|b=g|p=−}}基态高 7882.4cm<sup>−1</sup>。<ref name="Atkins_2006"/> <ref name="SchweitzerSchmidt03">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Schweitzer C, Schmidt R |date=May 2003 |title=Physical Mechanisms of Generation and Deactivation of Singlet Oxygen |journal=Chemical Reviews |volume=103 |issue=5 |page=1685–757 |doi=10.1021/cr010371d |pmid=12744692}}</ref>在其他单位中对应于 94.29 kJ/mol 或 0.9773 eV。<sup>1</sup>Σ{{su|b=g|p=+}}单线态能量比基态高 13120.9 cm <sup>-1</sup> <ref name="Atkins_2006" /> <ref name="SchweitzerSchmidt03" /> (相當於157.0 kJ/mol 或 1.6268 eV)。 氧氣的三种低位电子态之间的辐射跃迁是禁阻的电偶极子过程。 <ref name="Weldon">{{Cite journal |last=Weldon |first=Dean |last2=Poulsen |first2=Tina D. |last3=Mikkelsen |first3=Kurt V. |last4=Ogilby |first4=Peter R. |date=1999 |title=Singlet Sigma: The "Other" Singlet Oxygen in Solution |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_photochemistry-and-photobiology_1999-10_70_4/page/369 |journal=Photochemistry and Photobiology |volume=70 |issue=4 |page=369–379 |doi=10.1111/j.1751-1097.1999.tb08238.x |s2cid=94065922 |doi-access=free}}</ref>由于自旋[[选律|选择规则]]ΔS = 0 和禁止 g-g 跃迁的奇偶校验规则,这两个单线态-三[[宇稱|线态]]跃迁被禁阻。 <ref>{{Cite book|last=Thomas Engel|last2=Philip Reid|title=Physical Chemistry|url=https://archive.org/details/physicalchemistr0000enge_o7u8|date=2006|publisher=PEARSON Benjamin Cummings|isbn=978-0-8053-3842-3|page=580}}</ref>两个激发态之间的单线态-单线态跃迁是自旋允许的,但宇称禁止。 较低的 O<sub>2</sub> ( <sup>1</sup>Δ<sub>g</sub> ) 态通常称为''单线态氧''。 單線態氧和三線態氧(基態)的能量差 基态 94.3kJ/mol 对应于近[[红外线|红外線]]~1270奈米处自旋禁阻的单线态-三线态跃迁。 <ref name="BrasseurSolomon2006">{{Cite book|last=Guy P. Brasseur|last2=Susan Solomon|title=Aeronomy of the Middle Atmosphere: Chemistry and Physics of the Stratosphere and Mesosphere|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z5OtlDjfXkkC&pg=PA220|date=January 15, 2006|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4020-3824-2|pages=220–|access-date=2023-05-12|archive-date=2023-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116093356/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z5OtlDjfXkkC&pg=PA220|dead-url=no}}</ref>因此,气相中的单线态氧寿命相对较长(54-86 毫秒), <ref>[https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr010371d Physical Mechanisms of Generation and Deactivation of Singlet Oxygen] {{Wayback|url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr010371d |date=20230512005722 }} Claude Schweitzer</ref>而單線態氧与溶剂的相互作用将單線態氧的寿命缩短至微秒甚至奈秒。 <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Wilkinson F, Helman WP, Ross AB |year=1995 |title=Rate constants for the decay and reactions of the lowest electronically excited singlet state of molecular oxygen in solution. An expanded and revised compilation. |url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/c36235fccaa18cabd5d364f6c20a6b0c1e3dca5a |journal=[[Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data|J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data]] |volume=24 |issue=2 |page=663–677 |bibcode=1995JPCRD..24..663W |doi=10.1063/1.555965 |s2cid=9214506}}</ref> 2021 年,空气/固体界面处空气中单线态氧的寿命经测量为 550 微秒。 <ref name="Durantini2021">{{Cite journal |last=Andrés M. Durantini |year=2021 |title=Interparticle Delivery and Detection of Volatile Singlet Oxygen at Air/Solid Interfaces |journal=Environmental Science & Technology |volume=55 |issue=6 |page=3559–3567 |bibcode=2021EnST...55.3559D |doi=10.1021/acs.est.0c07922 |pmid=33660980 |s2cid=232114444}}</ref> 较高能量的<sup>1</sup>Σ{{su|b=g|p=+}}状态非常短暂。在气相中,它主要弛豫到基态三重态,平均寿命为 11.8 秒。 <ref name="Weldon"/>然而,在[[二硫化碳|CS<sub>2</sub>]]和[[四氯化碳|CCl<sub>4</sub>]]等溶剂中,<sup>1</sup>Σ{{su|b=g|p=+}}氧氣會透過非辐射衰变通道,在几毫秒内弛豫到较低能量的单线态<sup>1</sup>Δ<sub>g</sub> 。 <ref name="Weldon" /> === 轨道角动量引起的顺磁性 === 两种单线态氧态都没有不成对的电子,因此没有净电子自旋。然而,如[[電子自旋共振|电子顺磁共振]](EPR) 光谱的观察所示, <sup>1</sup>Δ<sub>g</sub>是[[順磁性|顺磁性的]]。 <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hasegawa |first=Keisuke |last2=Yamada |first2=Kenji |last3=Sasase |first3=Ryouji |last4=Miyazaki |first4=Ryota |last5=Kikuchi |first5=Azusa |last6=Yagi |first6=Mikio |name-list-style=vanc |year=2008 |title=Direct measurements of absolute concentration and lifetime of singlet oxygen in the gas phase by electron paramagnetic resonance |journal=Chemical Physics Letters |volume=457 |issue=4 |page=312–314 |bibcode=2008CPL...457..312H |doi=10.1016/j.cplett.2008.04.031}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Ruzzi M, Sartori E, Moscatelli A, Khudyakov IV, Turro NJ |date=June 2013 |title=Time-resolved EPR study of singlet oxygen in the gas phase |journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry A |volume=117 |issue=25 |page=5232–40 |bibcode=2013JPCA..117.5232R |citeseerx=10.1.1.652.974 |doi=10.1021/jp403648d |pmid=23768193}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Falick |first=AM |display-authors=etal |name-list-style=vanc |year=1965 |title=Paramagnetic resonance spectrum of the <sup>1</sup>?<sub>g</sub> oxygen molecule |url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/b6c0a1185f839458221ce48944396050449556a6 |journal=J. Chem. Phys. |volume=42 |issue=5 |page=1837–1838 |bibcode=1965JChPh..42.1837F |doi=10.1063/1.1696199 |s2cid=98040975}}</ref> <sup>1</sup>Δ<sub>g</sub>状态的顺磁性是由于净''轨道''(而不是自旋)电子角动量產生的 。在磁场中的简并<math>M_L</math>水平分为两个水平,其围绕分子轴角动量的 z 投影分別為 +1 [[普朗克常数|''ħ'']]和 −1 ''ħ''。这些能级之间的磁性转变产生了<math>g=1</math> 的EPR 过渡。 == 生产 == 存在多种用于产生单线态氧的方法。[[光化学|光化学方法]]是在作为敏化剂的有机染料(例如[[酸性红94|孟加拉玫瑰红]]、[[亞甲藍|亚甲蓝]]或[[卟啉]])存在的情况下照射三線態氧气導致單線態氧的生成。<ref name="Greer06">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Greer A |year=2006 |title=Christopher Spencer Foote's Discovery of the Role of Singlet Oxygen [<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> (<sup>1</sup>Δ<sub>g</sub>)] in Photosensitized Oxidation Reactions |journal=[[Accounts of Chemical Research|Acc. Chem. Res.]] |volume=39 |issue=11 |page=797–804 |doi=10.1021/ar050191g |pmid=17115719}}</ref><ref name="SchweitzerSchmidt03"/>从三重激发态[[丙酮酸]]与水中溶解氧的反应中也發現了高濃度的穩定单线态氧。<ref>{{Cite journal |author-link=Marcelo I. Guzman |vauthors=Eugene AJ, Guzman MI |date=September 2019 |title=Production of Singlet Oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) during the Photochemistry of Aqueous Pyruvic Acid: The Effects of pH and Photon Flux under Steady-State O<sub>2</sub>(aq) Concentration |journal=Environmental Science and Technology |volume=53 |issue=21 |page=12425–12432 |bibcode=2019EnST...5312425E |doi=10.1021/acs.est.9b03742 |pmid=31550134 |doi-access=free}}</ref>单线态氧也可以在非光化学條件下、[[化学合成]]中产生。一种化学方法涉及由[[三乙基矽烷]]和臭氧[[原位]]生成的三乙基硅烷三氧化氢的分解。<ref>{{Cite journal |author-link=Elias James Corey |vauthors=Corey EJ, Mehrotra MM, Khan AU |date=April 1986 |title=Generation of <sup>1</sup>Δ<sub>g</sub> from triethylsilane and ozone |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |volume=108 |issue=9 |page=2472–3 |doi=10.1021/ja00269a070 |pmid=22175617}}</ref> : (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>SiH + O<sub>3</sub> → (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>SiOOOH → (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>SiOH + O<sub>2</sub> (<sup>1</sup>Δ<sub>g</sub>) [[过氧化氢]]与[[次氯酸鈉]]水溶液反应也能生成单线态氧:<ref name="Greer06"/> : H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> + NaOCl → O<sub>2</sub> (<sup>1</sup>Δ<sub>g</sub>) + NaCl + H<sub>2</sub>O 第三种方法通过亚磷酸酯臭氧化物释放单线态氧,而亚磷酸盐臭氧化物又是''[[In situ|原位]]''生成的,例如[[臭氧化亚磷酸三苯酯]]。<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=Paul D. |last2=Mendenhall |first2=G. David |last3=Durham |first3=Dana L. |date=October 1980 |title=Controlled generation of singlet oxygen at low temperatures from triphenyl phosphite ozonide |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jo01310a001 |journal=The Journal of Organic Chemistry |language=en |volume=45 |issue=22 |page=4269–4271 |doi=10.1021/jo01310a001 |issn=0022-3263 |access-date=2023-05-12 |archive-date=2022-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008113603/https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jo01310a001 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="Houecraft_InorgChem">{{Cite book|title=Chapter 15: The group 16 elements|url=https://archive.org/details/inorganicchemist00hous_159|url-access=limited|edition=3rd|first=Catherine E.|last=Housecroft|first2=Alan G.|last2=Sharpe|name-list-style=vanc|publisher=Pearson|year=2008|isbn=9780131755536|page=[https://archive.org/details/inorganicchemist00hous_159/page/n476 438]''f''}}</ref>亚磷酸盐臭氧化物会分解产生单线态氧,而这种方法的一个优点是它适用于非水性条件<ref name="eEROS">{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2001 |title=Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis |encyclopedia=e-EROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |doi=10.1002/047084289X.rs035 |isbn=978-0471936237 |last2=DeSimone |first2=Robert W. |last3=Chia |first3=Kristie R. X. |last4=Banwell |first4=Martin G. |name-list-style=vanc}}</ref>: : (RO)<sub>3</sub>P + O<sub>3</sub> → (RO)<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>3</sub> : (RO)<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>3</sub> → (RO)<sub>3</sub> PO + O<sub>2</sub> (<sup>1</sup>Δ<sub>g</sub>) == 反应 == [[File:Singlet_Oxygenation_Citronellol.svg|right|thumb|400x400px|'''[[香茅醇]]的单线态氧氧化。'''这是一个净反应式,但不是真正的[[烯反应]]。缩写,步骤 1:H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> ,[[过氧化氢]]; Na<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>4</sub> (催化剂)、[[钼酸钠]]。步骤2:Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>3</sub> (还原剂)、[[亚硫酸钠]]。]] 由于电子层的不同,单线态和三线态氧的化学性质不同;单线态氧具有高活性。 <ref name="Raymond_1995">{{Cite book|first=Raymond YN|last=Ho|first2=Joel F.|last2=Liebman|first3=Joan Selverstone|last3=Valentine|editor-last=Foote|name-list-style=vanc|title=Overview of the Energetics and Reactivity of Oxygen|pages=1–23|date=1995|publisher=Blackie Academic & Professional|location=London|isbn=978-0-7514-0371-8|doi=10.1007/978-94-007-0874-7_1}}</ref>单线态氧的寿命取决于介质。在普通有机溶剂中,寿命只有几微秒,而在缺乏 C-H 键的溶剂中,寿命可以长达几秒。 <ref name="eEROS">{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2001 |title=Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis |encyclopedia=e-EROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |doi=10.1002/047084289X.rs035 |isbn=978-0471936237 |last2=DeSimone |first2=Robert W. |last3=Chia |first3=Kristie R. X. |last4=Banwell |first4=Martin G. |name-list-style=vanc}}</ref> === 有机化学 === 与基态三線態氧不同,单线态氧可参与[[狄尔斯–阿尔德反应|Diels–Alder]] [4+2]- 和 [2+2]-[[环加成反应|环加成]]反应和[[烯反应]]。 <ref name="eEROS">{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2001 |title=Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis |encyclopedia=e-EROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |doi=10.1002/047084289X.rs035 |isbn=978-0471936237 |last2=DeSimone |first2=Robert W. |last3=Chia |first3=Kristie R. X. |last4=Banwell |first4=Martin G. |name-list-style=vanc}}</ref>它能将硫醚氧化成亚砜。[[有机金属化学|有机金属]]络合物通常会被单线态氧降解。 <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Clennan |first=EL |last2=Pace |first2=A |name-list-style=vanc |year=2005 |title=Advances in singlet oxygen chemistry |journal=Tetrahedron |volume=61 |issue=28 |page=6665–6691 |doi=10.1016/j.tet.2005.04.017}}</ref> <ref name="pmid20571680">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Ogilby PR |date=August 2010 |title=Singlet oxygen: there is indeed something new under the sun |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chemical-society-great-britain-chemical-society-reviews_2010-08_39_8/page/3181 |journal=Chemical Society Reviews |volume=39 |issue=8 |page=3181–209 |doi=10.1039/b926014p |pmid=20571680}}</ref>与某些底物形成1,2-二氧杂环丁烷;环状二烯如[[1,3-环己二烯]]形成 [4+2][[环加成反应|环加成]]物。 <ref>{{Cite book|last=Carey|first=Francis A.|last2=Sundberg|first2=Richard J.|title=Structure and mechanisms|date=1985|publisher=Plenum Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0306411984|edition=2|name-list-style=vanc}}</ref> 单线态氧与呋喃之间的[4+2]-环加成反应广泛应用于[[有机合成]]中。 <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Montagnon |first=T. |last2=Kalaitzakis |first2=D. |last3=Triantafyllakis |first3=M. |last4=Stratakis |first4=M. |last5=Vassilikogiannakis |first5=G. |year=2014 |title=Furans and Singlet Oxygen - Why There Is More to Come from this Powerful Partnership |url=https://zenodo.org/record/32921 |journal=Chemical Communications |volume=50 |issue=98 |page=15480–15498 |doi=10.1039/C4CC02083A |pmid=25316254 |access-date=2023-05-12 |archive-date=2023-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512005726/https://zenodo.org/record/32921 |dead-url=no }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ghogare |first=A.A. |last2=Greer |first2=A. |year=2016 |title=Using Singlet Oxygen to Synthesise Natural Products and Drugs |journal=Chemical Reviews |volume=116 |issue=17 |page=9994–10034 |doi=10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00726 |pmid=27128098}}</ref> 在与烯丙基的[[烯丙基|单线]]态氧反应中,例如香茅油,通过[[烯丙基]]质子的提取显示,在[[烯反应|似烯反应]]中,产生烯丙基氢过氧化物,R-O-OH(R =[[烷基]]),然后可以还原相应的[[烯丙醇]]。 <ref name="eEROS">{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2001 |title=Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis |encyclopedia=e-EROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |doi=10.1002/047084289X.rs035 |isbn=978-0471936237 |last2=DeSimone |first2=Robert W. |last3=Chia |first3=Kristie R. X. |last4=Banwell |first4=Martin G. |name-list-style=vanc}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stephenson |first=L. M. |last2=Grdina |first2=Mary Jo |last3=Orfanopoulos |first3=Michael |name-list-style=vanc |date=November 1980 |title=Mechanism of the ene reaction between singlet oxygen and olefins |journal=Accounts of Chemical Research |volume=13 |issue=11 |page=419–425 |doi=10.1021/ar50155a006}}</ref> <ref>This reaction is not a true [[ene reaction]], because it is not concerted; singlet oxygen forms an "epoxide oxide" exciplex, which then abstracts the hydrogen. See Alberti et al, op. cit.</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Alsters |first=Paul L. |last2=Jary |first2=Walther |last3=Nardello-Rataj |first3=Veronique |last4=Jean-Marie |first4=Aubry |name-list-style=vanc |year=2009 |title=Dark Singlet Oxygenation of β-Citronellol: A Key Step in the Manufacture of Rose Oxide |journal=[[Organic Process Research & Development]] |volume=14 |page=259–262 |doi=10.1021/op900076g}}</ref> == 生物化学 == 在[[哺乳动物]][[生物学]]中,单线态氧是一种[[活性氧类|活性氧]],与[[低密度脂蛋白|低密度]][[膽固醇|脂蛋白胆固醇]]的氧化和由此产生的[[循环系统|心血管]]效应有关。[[多酚抗氧化劑|多酚抗氧化剂]]可以清除和降低活性氧的浓度,并可以防止这种有害的氧化作用。 <ref>{{Cite book|last=Karp|first=Gerald|last2=van der Geer|first2=Peter|title=Cell and molecular biology: concepts and experiments|date=2004|publisher=J. Wiley & Sons|location=New York|isbn=978-0471656654|edition=4th ed., Wiley International|page=223|name-list-style=vanc}}</ref> == 参考資料 == <references responsive="1"></references> == 延伸阅读 == * Bodner, GM (2002) ''Lecture Demonstration Movie Sheets: 8.4 Liquid Oxygen—Paramagnetism and Color,'' West Lafayette, IN, USA: Purdue University Department of Chemistry, see [http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/demos/main_pages/14.2.html Liquid Oxygen---Paramagnetism and Color] {{Wayback|url=http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/demos/main_pages/14.2.html |date=20151205044036 }} and [http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/demos/index.html Lecture Demonstration Movie Sheets] {{Wayback|url=http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/demos/index.html |date=20150707091006 }} ,2015年8月11日访问;请参阅Bodner, G.M; K. Keyes & TJ Greenbowe (1995)''普渡大学讲座演示手册,''第 2 版,美国纽约州纽约市:John Wiley and Sons。 [较早出现的关于不同氧氣量子態磁性的参考资料。 ] == 外部链接 == * [http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C7782447&Units=SI&Mask=1000#Diatomic NIST 网络手册有關氧氣內容] {{Wayback|url=http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C7782447&Units=SI&Mask=1000#Diatomic |date=20201211234047 }} * [http://www.photobiology.com/educational/len2/singox.html 关于单线态氧的光化学和光生物学教程] {{Wayback|url=http://www.photobiology.com/educational/len2/singox.html |date=20210426060840 }} * [http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/demos/main_pages/5.12.html 红色单线态氧Dimol发射的演示(普渡大学)] {{Wayback|url=http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/demos/main_pages/5.12.html |date=20110721024425 }} {{氧的同素异形体}} [[Category:物理化学]] [[Category:氧化剂]] [[Category:没有UNII来源的条目]] [[Category:没有KEGG来源的条目]] [[Category:没有InChI来源的条目]] [[Category:没有CAS注册号的化学条目]]
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