查看“︁叠氮化钠”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
| Name = 叠氮化钠
| NameEn = Sodium azide
| ImageFile1 = Sodium_azide.svg
| ImageSize1 = 160px
| ImageFileL2 = Sodium-3D.png
| ImageSizeL2 = 80px
| ImageFileR2 = Azide-3D-balls.png
| ImageSizeR2 = 120px
| OtherNames = 疊氮化钠
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 30958
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 89295
| InChI = 1/N3.Na/c1-3-2;/q-1;+1
| InChIKey = PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYAH
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 278547
| SMILES = [N-]=[N+]=[N-].[Na+]
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/N3.Na/c1-3-2;/q-1;+1
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo = 26628-22-8
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNNumber = [[List of UN Numbers 1601 to 1700|1687]]
| EINECS = 247-852-1
| RTECS = VY8050000
| PubChem = 33557
  }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = NaN<sub>3</sub>
| MolarMass = 65.01
| Appearance = 白色固體
| Density = 1.85 g/cm³ (固)
| Solubility = 41.7 g/100 mL (17°C)
| MeltingPt = 275 °C 分解
  }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| Coordination =
| CrystalStruct =
  }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalMSDS = [http://ptcl.chem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/SO/sodium_azide.html External MSDS]
| wxxfh={{wxxfh|T+|N|E|Xn}}
| NFPA-H = 4
| NFPA-F =
| NFPA-R = 4
| RPhrases = {{R28}}-{{R32}}-{{R50/53}}
| SPhrases = {{S1/2}}-{{S28}}-{{S45}}-{{S60}}-{{S61}}
| LD50 = 27 mg/kg (鼠，经口)<ref name=stevens>{{cite journal| journal = Acta Crystallographica A| year = 1977|volume = 33|page = 723| title = A Study of the Electron-Density Distribution in Sodium Azide, {{chem|NaN|3}}| authors = Stevens E.D., Hope H.}}</ref>
  }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions =
| OtherCations = [[叠氮化鋰]]、[[叠氮化钾]]、[[叠氮化銣]]、[[叠氮化銫]]
| OtherCpds = [[氰化钠]]}}
}}
'''叠氮化钠'''，化学式[[钠|Na]][[叠氮化合物|N<sub>3</sub>]]，无色六角形晶体，易溶于水和液氨。微溶于[[乙醇]]，不溶于[[乙醚]]。常温下稳定，高温分解。在撞擊下爆炸性分解：

:<chem>2 NaN3 -> 2 Na + 3 N2 ^</chem>

理论上每克叠氮化钠分解可以产生554毫升的[[氮]]气。

== 制法 ==

用[[氨基钠]]与[[一氧化二氮]]反应而成：<ref name="jander">Gerhard Jander, Ewald Blasius, Joachim Strähle: ''Einführung in das anorganisch-chemische Praktikum''. 14. Auflage. Hirzel, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-7776-0672-3, S. 205.</ref><ref>G. Brauer (Hrsg.): ''Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry.'' 2. Auflage. vol. 1, Academic Press, 1963, S. 474–475.</ref>

:<chem>2 NaNH2 + N2O -> NaN3 + NaOH + NH3 ^</chem>

用[[亚硝酸钠]]与[[联氨]]制备：

:<chem>NaNO2 + N2H4 -> NaN3 + 2 H2O</chem>

用[[硝酸鈉]]與[[氨基鈉]]製備：

:<chem>NaNO3 + 3 NaNH2 -> NaN3 + 3 NaOH + NH3 ^</chem>

== 性質==
叠氮化钠在[[熱力學]]上不穩定，会在熔點附近發生分解反應，生成[[氮氣]]和[[鈉]]。

:<chem>2 NaN3 -> 2 Na + 3 N2 ^</chem>

它遇高熱或受碰撞會發生[[爆炸]]。

在水中[[溶解度]]較大（17℃時 42 g/100 mL），顯弱[[鹼性]]。與一些[[过渡金屬]]盐类或[[二硫化碳]]反應，生成爆炸性強的[[疊氮化合物]]。此外，也可以與[[酸]]發生反應，產生具有爆炸性和刺激性臭味的有毒氣體[[疊氮化氫]]。

疊氮離子的結構是直線型并存在[[共振論|共振結構]]，N-N原子間距離為1.15[[埃|Å]]。
:<chem>N^- = N^+ = N^- <-> N \equiv N^+ : N^{2-} <-> N^{2-} : N^+ \equiv N</chem>
[[File:Lithium-azide-unit-cell-3D-balls.png|left|thumb|[[疊氮化钠]]的晶格<ref>{{ cite journal | journal = Acta Cryst. | volume = B'''24''' | issue = 2 | pages = 262–269 | doi = 10.1107/S0567740868002062 | title = The crystal structures of lithium, sodium and strontium azides | first1 = G. E. | last1= Pringle |  first2 = D. E. | last2 = Noakes |date=February 1968}}</ref>'''疊氮化钠'''也是和[[疊氮化鋰]]一樣四方結構<ref name='疊氮化鉀、疊氮化鋰具有相似結構'>{{cite journal | last=Khilji | first=M. Y. | last2=Sherman | first2=W. F. | last3=Wilkinson | first3=G. R. | title=Variable temperature and pressure Raman spectra of potassium azide KN3 | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-raman-spectroscopy_1982-06_12_3/page/300 | journal=Journal of Raman Spectroscopy | publisher=Wiley-Blackwell | volume=12 | issue=3 | year=1982 | issn=0377-0486 | doi=10.1002/jrs.1250120319 | pages=300–303}}</ref>。]]{{padright:|60|
}}
== 用途 ==

* 水溶液可以使蛋白质[[变性 (生物化学)|变性]]，在[[生化分析]]中用于[[沉淀]]蛋白质；
* 叠氮化钠片是汽车[[安全气囊]]的主要成分，能在发生碰撞的时候分解产生大量氮气将气囊鼓起；
* 常用于有机合成用于制造有机叠氮化物[[中间体]]；
* 与[[醋酸铅]]反应可以得到[[叠氮化铅]]，叠氮化铅在军事上用来制造[[雷管]]。

== 毒性 ==

叠氮化钠的溶液有剧毒，小鼠口服半致死量为27 mg/kg<ref name=stevens/>。

== 参考资料 ==
{{reflist}}

{{钠化合物}}
{{叠氮化合物}}

[[Category:叠氮化物]]
[[Category:钠化合物]]
[[Category:炸药]]
[[Category:剧毒化学品]]