查看“︁六氟磷酸”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| verifiedrevid = 411216282
|   ImageFile=Hexafluorophosphoric acid.svg
| Reference = <ref name="hand">
{{Cite book
 | last = Lide
 | first = David R.
 | author-link = 
 | last2 = 
 | first2 = 
 | author2-link =
 | publication-date =
 | date =
 | year = 1998
 | title = Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
 | edition = 87
 | volume = 
 | series =
 | publication-place = Boca Raton, FL
 | place = 
 | publisher = CRC Press
 | id =
 | isbn = 0-8493-0594-2
 | doi =
 | oclc =
 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780849305948/page/4 4]–74
 | url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780849305948
 | accessdate =
 | postscript = <!--None-->
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| ImageSize = 
|   ImageName = 
|   IUPACName = Hexafluorophosphoric acid<ref>{{cite web|url=https://moam.info/nomenclature-of-inorganic-chemistry-iupac_59c16afb1723ddd2fb171db1.html|title=Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry|last=[[IUPAC]]|access-date=2021-04-08|archive-date=2023-04-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418005939/https://moam.info/nomenclature-of-inorganic-chemistry-iupac_59c16afb1723ddd2fb171db1.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|   OtherNames = 
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 16940-81-1
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|   PubChem = 16211447
|   ChemSpiderID = 17339451
|   SMILES = [H+].F[P-](F)(F)(F)(F)F
|   InChI = 1/F6P/c1-7(2,3,4,5)6/q-1/p+1
|   InChIKey = LJQLCJWAZJINEB-IKLDFBCSAL
|   StdInChI = 1S/F6P/c1-7(2,3,4,5)6/q-1/p+1
|   StdInChIKey = LJQLCJWAZJINEB-UHFFFAOYSA-O
|    EINECS = 241-006-5
|    RTECS = 
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|   Formula = H[PF<sub>6</sub>]
|   MolarMass = 145.972
|   Appearance = 无色油状液体
|   Density = 
|   Solubility = 反应
|   MeltingPt = 25°C 分解
|   BoilingPt = 
|   pKa = 
|   pKb = 
|   Viscosity = 
  }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
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| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
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}}

'''六氟磷酸'''是一种[[化合物]]，[[化学式]]为H[PF<sub>6</sub>]。由于[[六氟磷酸盐|六氟磷酸根]]（{{chem|PF|6|-}}）的[[非配位阴离子|非配位]]性，它是一種強酸。

== 制备 ==
* 向[[五氟化磷]]的[[二硫化碳]]溶液中通入[[氟化氢]]：
:<math>\mathsf{PF_5 + HF \ \xrightarrow{-20^oC}\ H[PF_6] }</math>

* [[氢氟酸]]和[[五氧化二磷]]反应的产物之一：<ref>{{cite book
| title = Superacid Chemistry
| url = https://archive.org/details/superacidchemist00olah
| author = Arpad Molnar
| author2 = G. K. Surya Prakash
| author3 = Jean Sommer
| edition = 2nd
| publisher = Wiley-Interscience
| year = 2009
| isbn = 0-471-59668-X
| page = [https://archive.org/details/superacidchemist00olah/page/44 44]
}}</ref>
:<math>\mathsf{P_4O_{10} + HF \ \xrightarrow[-H_2O]{HF(40\%)}\ H[PF_6], H[PO_2F_2], H_2[PO_3F] }</math>

== 物理性质 ==
已经得到的六水合物“结晶{{chem|HPF|6}}”显示，{{chem|PF|6|-}}被包含在由水分子和质子组成的[[截角八面体]]中。[[核磁共振波谱法]]表明，由这种结晶形成的水溶液中存在大量的HF。<ref name="davidson" />

== 化学性质 ==
像许多强酸那样，六氟磷酸无法制得纯净物，只能在溶液中存在。水溶液中存在氢离子，{{化學式|H|3|O|1|1}}，和{{化學式|P|F|6|-1}}。此外，溶液还包含P-F键的水解产物，包括{{化學式|H|P|O|2|F|2}}，{{化學式|H|2|P|O|2|F}}，{{化學式|H|3|P|O|4}}，以及它们的共轭碱。<ref name="davidson">{{cite journal
| doi = 10.1139/v72-565
| author = D. W. Davidson
| author2 = S. K. Garg
| journal = Canadian Journal of Chemistry
| title = The Hydrate of Hexafluorophosphoric Acid
| volume = 50
| pages = 3515–3520
|date=May 1972}}</ref>

* 加热时水解：
:<math>\mathsf{H[PF_6]\cdot 6H_2O \ \xrightarrow{150-200^oC}\ POF_3 + 3HF + 3H_2O }</math>

* 在酸性条件下与水反应：
:<math>\mathsf{2H[PF_6] + 5H_2O \ \xrightarrow{H_+, 100^oC}\ H[PO_2F_2] + H_2[PO_3F] + 9HF }</math>

* 与碱反应，形成盐：
:<math>\mathsf{H[PF_6] + NaOH \ \xrightarrow{}\ Na[PF_6] + H_2O }</math>

== 参见 ==
* [[氟锑酸]]

== 参考文献 ==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite book
 |title = Химическая энциклопедия |editor = Редкол.: Зефиров Н.С. и др. |location = М. |publisher = Большая Российская энциклопедия
 |year = 1998 |series = 5 |pages = 783 |isbn = 5-85270-310-9
}}
* {{cite book
 |author = Лидин Р.А. и др.
 |title = Химические свойства неорганических веществ: Учеб. пособие для вузов
 |edition = 3-е изд., испр |location = М. |publisher = Химия |year = 2000 |pages = 480 |isbn = 5-7245-1163-0
}}

{{无机酸}}
{{六氟磷酸盐}}

[[Category:六氟磷酸盐|*]]
[[Category:无机酸|氟]]
[[Category:缺少物质图片的化学品条目]]