查看“︁偏钒酸铵”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 451701848
| ImageFile = Ammonium-metavanadate-2D.png
| ImageName = Ammonium vanadate
| ImageFile1 = Ammonium-metavanadate-sample.jpg
| ImageName1 = 偏釩酸銨樣品照片
| IUPACName = Ammonium trioxovanadate(V)
| OtherNames = 釩酸銨
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 19968892
| PubChem = 516859
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = FL85PX638G
| InChI = 1/H3N.3O.V/h1H3;;;;/q;;;;-  1/p+1/rH3N.O3V/c;1-4(2)3/h1H3;/q;-1/p+1
| SMILES = [NH4+].O=[V-](=O)=O
| InChIKey = UXJVWJGDHIZPLD-KKTKNITLAZ
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/H3N.3O.V/h1H3;;;;/q;;;;-1/p+1
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = UXJVWJGDHIZPLD-UHFFFAOYSA-O
| CASNo = 7803-55-6
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| RTECS = YWD875000
  }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = NH<sub>4</sub>VO<sub>3</sub>
| MolarMass = 116.98
| Appearance = 白色
| Density = 2.326 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| SolubleOther = 溶於[[二乙醇胺]]、[[乙醇胺]]
| MeltingPt = {{convert|200|C|F K}}<ref name="crc">{{cite book |author1=John Rumble |title=CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics |url=https://archive.org/details/crchandbookofche0000unse_l3v2 |date=June 18, 2018 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1138561632 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/crchandbookofche0000unse_l3v2/page/n154 4]–40|edition=99th |language=en}}</ref>
| MeltingPt_notes =（分解）
| Solubility = 4.8 g/100 ml (20 °C)<ref name="crc" />
 }}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| MolShape = 
| Coordination = 
| CrystalStruct = 
| Dipole =
  }}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS =
| MainHazards = 可能的[[誘變劑]]，對環境有害
| FlashPt = 
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS06}}{{GHS08}}
| GHSSignalWord = Danger
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|301|332|340|361|370|372|412}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|201|202|260|261|264|270|271|273|281|301+310|304+312|304+340|307+311|308+313|312|314|321|330|405|501}}
| NFPA-H = 4
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 0
| LD50 = 58.1 mg/kg（大鼠，口服）
  }}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherCations = [[偏釩酸鈉]]<br/>[[偏釩酸鉀]]
| OtherCompounds = [[五氧化二釩]]
  }}
}}
'''偏釩酸銨'''是一種[[無機化合物]]，化學式為NH<sub>4</sub>VO<sub>3</sub>。它是一種白色晶体，但樣品由於[[五氧化二釩]]雜質存在而常呈黃色。它是提純[[釩]]的重要中間體。<ref name=Ullmann>Günter Bauer, Volker Güther, Hans Hess, Andreas Otto, Oskar Roidl, Heinz Roller, Siegfried Sattelberger "Vanadium and Vanadium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. {{doi|10.1002/14356007.a27_367}}</ref>

==性质==
偏釩酸銨是白色至微黄色结晶粉末，微溶于冷水、热[[乙醇]]和[[乙醚]]，溶于热水和稀[[氨水]]中。在空气中灼烧时转变为具有毒性的[[五氧化二钒]]。偏釩酸銨含有由共角 VO<sub>4</sub> 四面体组成的无限长链结构。

<center>
{|align="center"  class="wikitable"
|<center>[[Image:Ammonium-metavanadate-3D-balls.png|150px]]</center>||<center>[[Image:Ammonium-metavanadate-3D-polyhedra.png|150px]]</center>||<center>[[Image:Ammonium-metavanadate-chains-3D.png|100px]]</center>
|-
|<center>[[球棍模型]]</center>||<center>多面体模型</center>||<center>[(VO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>n</sub>]<sup>n−</sup> 链</center>
|}
</center>

==制备==
在[[钒酸钠]]溶液用[[盐酸]]调pH至7.5～8，再加热至70～80°C与[[氯化铵]]溶液进行反应，析出物经离心分离、水洗、干燥，制得偏钒酸铵成品。
:<math>\rm \ Na_3VO_4+2HCl\rightarrow NaVO_3+2NaCl+H_2O</math>
:<math>\rm \ NaVO_3+NH_4Cl\rightarrow NH_4VO_3\downarrow +3NaCl+</math><math>\rm \ 2NH_3\cdot H_2O</math>

==用途==
偏釩酸銨主要用作[[化学试剂]]、[[催化剂]]、[[催干剂]]、[[媒染剂]]等。它在陶瓷工业中被广泛用作釉料。也可用于製造[[五氧化二钒]]。

==參考資料==
{{reflist}}

{{铵化合物}}

[[Category:銨鹽]]
[[Category:钒酸盐]]
[[Category:钙钛矿结构]]