查看“︁亚硝酸银”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| verifiedrevid = 
|   Name = 
|   ImageFile = Silbernitrit.jpg
<!-- | ImageSize = 120px -->
|   ImageName = 亚硝酸银
|   IUPACName = Silver nitrite
|   OtherNames =
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
|   ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 141361
| PubChem = 160904
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 
| InChI = 1S/Ag.HNO2/c;2-1-3/h;(H,2,3)/q+1;/p-1
| InChIKey = KKKDGYXNGYJJRX-UHFFFAOYSA-M
| SMILES = N(=O)[O-].[Ag+]
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = 
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 7783-99-5
| EINECS = 232-041-7
| RTECS = 
  }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|   Formula = AgNO<sub>2</sub>
|   MolarMass = 153.87 g/mol
|   Appearance = 无色至黄色晶体
|   Density = 4,453 g·cm<sup>−3</sup>（19 °C）<ref name="Eagleson">Mary Eagleson: ''Concise encyclopedia chemistry'',  S. 988., ({{Google Book|BuchID=Owuv-c9L_IMC&pg|Seite=988}})</ref>
|   Solubility = 微溶于水
* 0.155 g/100 mL（0 °C）
* 0.275 g/100 mL（15 °C）
* 1.363 g/100 mL（60 °C）<ref name="Creighton">H.J.M. Creighton & W.H. Ward: ''Determination of the solubility of silver nitrite and its degree of dissociation in a saturated solution'', J. Amer. Chem. Soc, 37, 1915, 2333–2338.</ref>
沸水中分解<ref name="Creighton" />
|   SolubleOther = 不溶于[[乙醇]]
|   MeltingPtC = 140
|    Melting_notes = 分解
|   BoilingPtC =
  }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
|   CrystalStruct = 
  }}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
|   DeltaHf = 
  }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
|   Reference = <ref name="Sigma">{{Sigma-Aldrich|Aldrich|545015|Datum=5. August 2011|Name=Silver nitrite , 99.98% trace metals basis}}</ref>
|   ExternalMSDS = [http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/MSDS/MSDS/DisplayMSDSPage.do?country=CA&language=en&productNumber=227188&brand=ALDRICH&PageToGoToURL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sigmaaldrich.com%2Fcatalog%2Fproduct%2Faldrich%2F227188%3Flang%3Den Sigma-Aldrich] 
|   EUClass = {{Hazchem O}} {{Hazchem Xn}} {{Hazchem N}}
|   RPhrases = {{R8}}, {{R22}}, {{R36/38}}, {{R50/53}}
|   SPhrases = {{S26}}, {{S45}}, {{S60}}, {{S61}}
|   GHSPictograms = {{GHS flame over circle}} {{GHS exclamation mark}} {{GHS environment}}
|   HPhrases = {{H-phrases|272|302|315|319|400}}
|   PPhrases = {{P-phrases|220|273|305+351+338}}
|   NFPA-H = 2  | NFPA-F = 0 | NFPA-R = 2 }}
}}
'''亚硝酸银'''（{{lang-en|Silver nitrite}}）是[[亚硝酸]]的[[银]]盐，化学式为AgNO<sub>2</sub><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.americanelements.com/silver-nitrite.html |title=American elements |accessdate=2014-06-01 |archive-date=2014-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701082846/http://americanelements.com/silver-nitrite.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>。它由银离子和亚硝酸根离子组成。

== 制备 ==
* 亚硝酸银可通过[[硝酸银]]与亚硝酸的碱金属盐反应制备<ref name=Silver />，如硝酸银与[[亚硝酸钾]]在溶液中反应制备，生成亚硝酸银絮状沉淀<ref name="Creighton" />：
:<math>\mathrm{AgNO_3 (aq) + KNO_2 (aq) \rightarrow\ AgNO_2 \downarrow + KNO_3 (aq)}</math>

* 此外还可以用[[硫酸银]]与[[亚硝酸钡]]反应制备：
:<math>\mathsf{Ag_2SO_4 + Ba(NO_2)_2 \ \xrightarrow{}\ 2AgNO_2 + BaSO_4\downarrow }</math>

== 物理性质 ==
无色或黄色晶体。[[正交晶系]]，[[空间群]]'''''P mmn'''''，晶胞参数''a'' = 0.3505 nm，''b'' = 0.614 nm，''c'' = 0.516 nm，Z = 2。

微溶于冷水，随温度升高溶解度增大，易重结晶。不溶于[[乙醇]]。

== 化学性质 ==
* 在亚硝酸银溶液中通入[[氨]]，蒸发得亚硝酸一氨合银：
:<math>\mathsf{AgNO_2 + NH_3 \ \xrightarrow{}\ [AgNH_3]NO_2 }</math>

* 溶于过量亚硝酸的碱金属盐溶液：
:<math>\mathsf{AgNO_2 + KNO_2 \ \xrightarrow{}\ K[Ag(NO_2)_2] }</math>

* 见光逐渐分解为银和二氧化氮<ref name="Eagleson"/>：
:<math>\mathsf{AgNO_2 \xrightarrow{hv}\ Ag + NO_2\uparrow }</math>

== 应用 ==
亚硝酸银有许多应用。著名的例子包括：
* [[苯胺]]化合物的生产。
* 通用[[氧化剂]]。
* 与[[有机溴化合物]]或[[有机碘化合物]]发生[[维克托·梅耶#科学贡献|维克托·梅耶]][[亲核取代反应]]，生成[[硝基化合物]]<ref name=Silver>{{cite journal|last=Kornblum, N. and Ungnade, H. E.|title=1-NITROÖCTANE|journal=Organic Synthesis|year=1958|volume=38|page=75|url=http://www.orgsyn.org/Content/pdfs/procedures/cv4p0724.pdf|accessdate=6 January 2014|archive-date=2014-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106032123/http://www.orgsyn.org/Content/pdfs/procedures/cv4p0724.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>。
* [[硝基烯烃]]的合成，亚硝酸盐与[[碘]]元素原位生成硝基碘化物<ref>{{cite journal|last=Waldman, Steve; Monte, Aaron, Monte; Bracey, Ann; and Nichols, David|title=One-pot Claisen rearrangement/O-methylation/alkene isomerization in the synthesis of ortho-methoxylated phenylisopropylamines|journal=Tetrahedron Letters|year=1996|volume=37|issue=44|pages=7889–7892|doi=10.1016/0040-4039(96)01807-2|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0040403996018072|accessdate=4 January 2014|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924140034/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0040403996018072|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

== 参考文献 ==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite book
 |title = Справочник химика |edition = 2-е изд., испр |editor = Редкол.: Никольский Б.П. и др. |location = М.-Л.
 |publisher = Химия |year = 1966 |series = 1 |pages = 1072
}}
* {{cite book
 |title = Справочник химика |edition = 3-е изд., испр |editor = Редкол.: Никольский Б.П. и др. |location = Л.
 |publisher = Химия |year = 1971 |series= 2 |pages = 1168
}}
* {{cite book
 |author = Рипан Р., Четяну И. |title = Неорганическая химия. Химия металлов |location = М. |publisher = Мир
 |year = 1972 |series = 2 |pages = 871
}}

{{银化合物}}
{{亚硝酸盐}}

[[Category:亚硝酸盐|银]]
[[Category:银化合物]]