查看“︁五氧化二钽”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
|   NameEn = Tantalum pentoxide
|   ImageFile =66366-ICSD3.png
|   ImageFile2 = Tantalum(V) oxide sample.jpg
|   OtherNames = 钽酸酐、钽酐
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 1314-61-0
| PubChem = 518712
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 452513
| InChI = 1S/5O.2Ta
| SMILES = O=[Ta](=O)O[Ta](=O)=O
  }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|   Formula = Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>
|   MolarMass = 441.893 
|   SolubleOther = 难溶于水、[[乙醇]]、多数酸，<br />可溶于热浓[[氢氟酸]]
|   Density = 8.20 g/cm<sup>3</sup> <ref>Pradyot Patnaik. ''Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals''. McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0070494398</ref>
|   MeltingPt = 1872 °C
|   Appearance = 白色无味粉末}}
|   EnergyGap = 4.2 eV
|   DielectricConstant = ～25
}}

'''五氧化二钽'''（化学式：Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>）是[[钽]]最常见的[[氧化物]]，也是钽在空气中燃烧生成的最终产物。

==性质==
白色无色结晶粉末。在1000～1200℃时仍保持白色，进一步升高温度则变为灰色。已知有两种变体：<math>\rm \ \alpha \!-\!Ta_2O_5</math>（高温型）和 <math>\rm \ \beta \!-\!Ta_2O_5</math>（低温型），从 <math>\rm \ \beta</math>-型转化为 <math>\rm \ \alpha</math>-型的温度为1360±5℃。<math>\rm \ \alpha</math>-型的熔点为1872±10℃，相对密度8.37；<math>\rm \ \beta</math>-型的熔点为1785±30℃，相对密度8.18。<math>\rm \ \beta \!-\!Ta_2O_5</math> 在熔融前已经转变成[[无定形]]的五氧化二钽，无定形体相对密度7.3。<ref name="钒分族">{{钒分族|pages=356–358}}</ref>

五氧化二钽的化学性质不活泼。它是[[两性氧化物]]，难溶于水、碱液或稀[[无机酸]]，可溶于[[氢氟酸]]、熔融[[氢氧化钠]]、[[氢氧化钾]]、[[硫酸氢钾]]和[[焦硫酸钾]]。加热时不被[[氯化氢]]或[[溴化氢]]腐蚀。在氢氟酸中，随[[氟化钾]]浓度不同可结晶出组成不同的[[氟钽酸钾]]复盐。与[[氯化剂]]作用一般生成[[五氯化钽]]。高温下与[[碳]]反应生成[[碳化钽]]。一般不能被[[氢气]]还原，但在氢气氛中用碳还原五氧化二钽，可得[[一氧化钽]]。<ref name="钒分族" />

==制取==
可由[[钽]]在空气或氧气中完全燃烧，[[氢化钽]]、[[氮化钽]]、[[碳化钽]]的氧化，[[乙醇钽]]的水解，或[[五氧化二钽的水合物]]在空气中灼烧脱水制取。工业上由[[钽铁矿]]碱熔并分去其他金属而制得。

==用途==
===电子产品===
[[File:Tantalum capacitors.jpg|thumb|right|{{nowrap|10 μF × 30 V}}的[[钽质电容器]]]]
五氧化二钽可用于电子产品，尤其是[[钽质电容器|电容器]]中。钽质电容器可用于[[汽车电子]]、[[手机]]、[[寻呼机]]、电子电路、薄膜元件和高速工具。在1990年代，五氧化二钽也用于[[动态随机存取存储器]]的电容器中。<ref>
{{cite journal |author1=Ezhilvalavan, S. |author2=Tseng, T. Y. |year=1999 
| title = Preparation and properties of tantalum pentoxide (Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) thin films for ultra large scale integrated circuits (ULSIs) application - a review 
| journal = Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 
| volume = 10 |issue=1 |pages=9–31 |doi=10.1023/A:1008970922635}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite journal |author1=Chaneliere, C |author2=Autran, J L |author3=Devine, R A B |author4=Balland, B |year=1998 
| title = Tantalum pentoxide (Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) thin films for advanced dielectric applications
| journal = Materials Science and Engineering: R 
| volume = 22 |issue=6 |pages=269–322 |doi=10.1016/S0927-796X(97)00023-5}}</ref>

此外，五氧化二钽还用于[[CMOS]]、[[非易失性存储器]]<ref>
{{cite journal |author=Wang, X|year=2004
| title = A Novel MONOS-Type Nonvolatile Memory Using High-''κ'' Dielectrics for Improved Data Retention and Programming Speed 
| journal = IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
| volume = 51 |issue=4 |pages=597–602 |doi=10.1109/TED.2004.824684|display-authors=etal|bibcode = 2004ITED...51..597W }}</ref><ref>
{{cite journal |author=Zhu, H|year=2013
| title = Design and Fabrication of Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Stacks for Discrete Multibit Memory Application
| journal = IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology
| volume = 12 |issue=6 |pages=1151–1157 |doi=10.1109/TNANO.2013.2281817|display-authors=etal|bibcode=2013ITNan..12.1151Z}}</ref>和[[可变电阻式存储器]]中。<ref>
{{cite journal |author=Lee, M-.J|year=2011
| title = A fast, high-endurance and scalable non-volatile memory device made from asymmetric Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5−''x''</sub>/TaO<sub>2−''x''</sub> bilayer structures
| journal =Nature Materials|volume=10 |issue=8
|pages=625–630
| doi = 10.1038/NMAT3070|pmid=21743450
|display-authors=etal|bibcode = 2011NatMa..10..625L }}</ref>

=== 其它 ===
Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>较高的[[折射率]]使其可用于制造[[镜头]][[玻璃]]。<ref name=book>{{cite book |title= The Chemistry of Niobium and Tantalum|url= https://archive.org/details/chemistryofniobi0000fair|url-access= registration|last= Fairbrother|first= Frederick|year= 1967|publisher= Elsevier Publishing Company|location= New York|isbn= 978-0-444-40205-9|pages= [https://archive.org/details/chemistryofniobi0000fair/page/n14 1]–28}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title = Optical Materials: An Introduction to Selection and Application|chapter = Optical Glas Composition|first = Solomon|last = Musikant|publisher = CRC Press|year = 1985|page = 28|isbn = 978-0-8247-7309-0|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iJEXMF3JBtQC&pg=PA28}}</ref>它也用于制造从近[[紫外线]]到近[[红外线]]的[[增透膜]]。<ref name="Materion">{{cite web |url=https://materion.com/resource-center/product-data-and-related-literature/inorganic-chemicals/oxides/tantalum-oxide-ta205-for-optical-coating |title=TANTALUM OXIDE FOR OPTICAL COATING Applications |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Materion |publisher= |access-date=April 1, 2021 |archive-date=2022-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205181914/https://materion.com/resource-center/product-data-and-related-literature/inorganic-chemicals/oxides/tantalum-oxide-ta205-for-optical-coating |dead-url=no }}</ref>

==参见==
*[[水合五氧化二钽]]、[[钽酸盐]]
*[[五氧化二钒]]、[[五氧化二铌]]
*[[五硫化二钽]]

==参考资料==
{{reflist}}

{{钽化合物}}
{{氧化物}}

[[Category:钽化合物]]
[[Category:氧化物]]
[[Category:高κ电介质]]

{{无机化合物小作品}}