查看“︁五氟化钽”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| verifiedrevid = 426471365
| Name = 五氟化钽
| ImageFile = Tantalum(V) fluoride.png
| ImageSize = 250px
| ImageName = Tantalum(V) fluoride
| OtherNames = 氟化钽(V)
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 7783-71-3
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = QAG1W735WO
| PubChem = 82218
| RTECS = WW5775000
| EINECS = 232-022-3
| InChI = 1S/5FH.Ta/h5*1H;/q;;;;;+5/p-5
| SMILES = F[Ta](F)(F)(F)F
  }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = TaF<sub>5</sub>
| MolarMass = 275.95 g/mol
| Appearance = 白色晶体<ref name=wuji />
| Density = 4.74 g/cm<sup>3</sup>（固体）
| Solubility = 分解
| MeltingPt = {{convert|96.8|C|K}}
| BoilingPt = {{convert|229.2|C|K}}<ref>Fairbrother, Fred; Frith, Wm. C. The halides of niobium. (columbium) and tantalum. III. The vapor pressure of niobium (columbium) and tantalum pentafluorides. ''Journal of the Chemical Society'', 1951. 3051-3056. ISSN:0368-1769. {{DOI|10.1039/jr9510003051}}</ref>
| MagSus = +795.0·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
  }}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| Dipole = 0 [[Debye|D]]
  }}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| EUClass = 未列出
| ExternalSDS =
| MainHazards = 易生成[[氟化氢|HF]]
| FlashPt = 不可燃
| RPhrases = 34
| SPhrases = 26-27-28-36/37/39-45
  }}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = [[五氯化钽]]
| OtherCations = [[五氟化铌]]
  }}
}}

'''五氟化钽'''是一种[[无机化合物]]，化学式为[[钽|Ta]][[氟|F]]<sub>5</sub>，它是钽的[[氟化物]]之一。

==制备==
五氟化钽可由金属[[钽]]和[[氟气]]在约250 °C反应得到：<ref>{{cite journal|author=Priest, H. F.|title=Anhydrous Metal Fluorides"  Inorganic Syntheses|year=1950|volume=3|page= 171-183|doi=10.1002/9780470132340.ch47}}</ref><ref name=wuji>无机化学丛书 第八卷 钛分族 钒分族 铬分族. 科学出版社. pp 327-329. 3.4.4 铌(V)和钽(V)的卤化物及卤氧化物</ref>
:<math>\mathrm{ 2 \ Ta + 5 \ F_2 \longrightarrow 2 \ TaF_5 }</math>
钽和[[氟化氢]]在250~300 °C、10<sup>5</sup>Pa下反应，也能得到五氟化钽，但同时会生成三氟化钽。<ref name=wuji />钽和[[氟化亚锡]]反应，可以得到五氟化钽：<ref>{{Literatur | Autor  = J. J. Zuckerman | Titel = Inorganic Reactions and Methods, The Formation of Bonds to Halogens | Verlag = John Wiley & Sons | ISBN = 047014539-0 | Jahr = 2009 | Online = {{Google Buch | BuchID = OcD4P1ZeXdAC | Seite = 288 }} | Seiten = 288 }}</ref>
:<math>\mathrm{ 2 \ Ta + 5 \ F_2 \longrightarrow 2 \ TaF_5 }</math>
:<math>\mathrm{ 2 \ Ta + 5 \ SnF_2 \longrightarrow 2 \ TaF_5 + 5 \ Sn}</math>
==性质==
五氟化钽在固态是四聚体，由四个TaF<sub>6</sub>中心经氟桥连接而成；气态时为三聚体，具有D<sub>3h</sub>对称性。<ref>Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.</ref><ref name=wuji />

五氟化钽是强路易斯酸，在水中水解。<ref name=wuji />它可以和中性路易斯碱（如[[膦]]、[[砷]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Levason|first1=William|last2=Reid|first2=Gillian|last3=Zhang|first3=Wenjian|title=Six-coordinate NbF<sub>5</sub> and TaF<sub>5</sub> complexes with tertiary mono-phosphine and -arsine ligands|journal=Journal of Fluorine Chemistry|volume=172|year=2015|pages=62–67|issn=00221139|doi=10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.01.010}}</ref>）形成加合物，它和[[吡啶]]（py）反应形成的加合物可以写作[TaF<sub>4</sub>(py)<sub>4</sub>][TaF<sub>6</sub>]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Haiges|first1=Ralf|last2=Deokar|first2=Piyush|last3=Christe|first3=Karl O.|title=Adduct Formation of Tantalum(V)- and Niobium(V) Fluoride with Neutral Group 15 Donor Ligands, an Example for Ligand Induced Self-Ionization|journal=Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie|volume=640|issue=8-9|year=2014|pages=1568–1575|issn=00442313|doi=10.1002/zaac.201400141}}</ref>。它和乙酰丙酮氧钛反应，经过[F<sub>4</sub>Ta(OTi(acac)<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]TaF<sub>6</sub>加合物，得到二氟二乙酰丙酮钛和三氟氧化钽，完成钛至钽的氧迁移。<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Funaioli|first1=Tiziana|last2=Marchetti|first2=Fabio|last3=Pampaloni|first3=Guido|last4=Zacchini|first4=Stefano|title=Ligand-interchange reactions between M(iv) (M = Ti, V) oxide bis-acetylacetonates and halides of high-valent group 4 and 5 metals. A synthetic and electrochemical study|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_dalton-transactions_2013-10-21_42_39/page/n135|journal=Dalton Transactions|volume=42|issue=39|year=2013|pages=14168|issn=1477-9226|doi=10.1039/c3dt51378e}}</ref>

五氟化钽在HF水溶液中和有机阳离子共结晶，可以得到含有TaF<sub>7</sub><sup>2−</sup>、TaF<sub>8</sub><sup>3−</sup>等配阴离子的盐。<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Goreshnik|first1=E.|title=[C(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>]<sub>2</sub>TaF<sub>7</sub> and [C(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>]<sub>3</sub>TaF<sub>8</sub>: Guanidinium fluoride-tantalates with isolated anionic polyhedra|journal=Journal of Fluorine Chemistry|volume=226|year=2019|pages=109352|issn=00221139|doi=10.1016/j.jfluchem.2019.109352}}</ref>它和[[五氟化锑|SbF<sub>5</sub>]]不同，和HF形成的体系TaF<sub>5</sub>–HF在还原性环境中是稳定的。<ref>{{cite book
| title = Superacid Chemistry
| url = https://archive.org/details/superacidchemist00olah
| author1 = Arpad Molnar
| author2 = G. K. Surya Prakash
| author3 = Jean Sommer
| edition = 2nd
| publisher = Wiley-Interscience
| year = 2009
| isbn = 0-471-59668-X
| page = [https://archive.org/details/superacidchemist00olah/page/60 60]
}}</ref>

==参考文献==
{{reflist}}
{{钽化合物}}
{{氟化物}}

[[Category:氟化物]]
[[Category:钽化合物]]
[[Category:金属卤化物]]
[[Category:氟配合物]]