查看“︁二甲基甘胺酸”︁的源代码

{{noteTA
|1 = zh-hans:氨基酸; zh-hant:胺基酸;
|2 = zh-hans:氨酸; zh-hant:胺酸;
|3 = zh-hans:氨基; zh-hant:胺基;
}}

{{chembox|Verifiedfields=changed|Watchedfields=changed|verifiedrevid=443693225|ImageFile=Dimethylglycine.svg|ImageFile_Ref={{chemboximage|correct|??}}|ImageSize=140|ImageAlt=Skeletal formula of dimethylglycine|ImageFile1=Dimethylglycine zwitterion 3D ball.png|ImageSize1=160|ImageAlt1=Ball-and-stick model of the dimethylglycine molecule as a zwitterion|PIN=(Dimethylamino)acetic acid|OtherNames=''N'',''N''-二甲基甘氨酸|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 1118-68-9
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 7797M4CPPA
| PubChem = 673
| ChemSpiderID = 653
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| EINECS = 214-267-8
| DrugBank = DB02083
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| KEGG = C01026
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| MeSHName = dimethylglycine
| ChEBI = 17724
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| RTECS = MB9865000
| Beilstein = 1700261
| Gmelin = 82215
| 3DMet = B00224
| SMILES = CN(C)CC(O)=O
| StdInChI = 1S/C4H9NO2/c1-5(2)3-4(6)7/h3H2,1-2H3,(H,6,7)
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = FFDGPVCHZBVARC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
}}|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C=4 | H=9 | N=1 | O=2 
| Appearance = 白色晶體
| Odor = 無味
| Density = 1.069 g/mL
| BoilingPtC = 175.2
| MeltingPt = {{convert|178|-|182|C|K}}
}}|Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| GHSPictograms = {{gHS exclamation mark}}
| GHSSignalWord = '''警告'''
| HPhrases = {{h-phrases|302}}
| LD50 = >650 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> <small>(oral, rat)</small>
}}|Section4={{Chembox Related
| Function  = 羧酸
| OtherFunctn = {{unbulleted list|[[肌氨酸]]|[[胍基乙酸]]|[[肌酸]]
|{{link-en|N-甲基-D-天門冬胺酸|N-Methyl-D-aspartic_acid}}|[[Β-甲氨基-L-丙氨酸|β-甲氨基-L-丙氨酸]]|[[胍基丙酸]]}}
| OtherCpds = [[二甲基乙酰胺]]
}}}}{{NoteTA|1 = zh-cn:维生素; zh-tw:維生素; zh-hk:維他命|2=zh-hans:氨酸;zh-hant:胺酸
}}

'''二甲基甘胺酸''' ({{lang-en|Dimethylglycine}}，縮寫：DMG)是[[甘胺酸]]的衍生的含氮[[有機酸]]，其[[結構簡式]]為(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>NCH<sub>2</sub>COOH，屬於[[叔胺]]。二甲基甘胺酸可在[[豆類]]和動物[[肝臟]]中尋獲。二甲基甘胺酸可由[[甘胺酸甜菜鹼]]失去一[[甲基]]後獲得。二甲基甘胺酸也是[[胆碱]]代謝時所產生的副產物。

當二甲基甘胺酸初次被發現時，其被稱為維生素B<sub>16</sub>，然而與「真正」[[維生素B]]不同之處在於其在體內的缺乏並不會對人體造成任何疾病，而且二甲基甘胺酸可由[[克雷伯氏循環]]生成，因此二甲基甘胺酸不符合[[維生素]]的定義。

== 應用 ==
二甲基甘胺酸被建議用為[[表現增強物質]]、{{Link-en|免疫刺激劑|Immunostimulant}}、及用於治療[[自閉症]]、[[癲癇]]及[[線粒體#机能障碍与疾病|粒線體疾病]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Dimethylglycine|url=http://www.mskcc.org/mskcc/html/69204.cfm|date=December 8, 2009|work=About Herbs, Botanicals & Other Products|publisher=[[紀念斯隆-凱特琳癌症中心]]|access-date=2021-09-11|archive-date=2012-09-07|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6AVK48q3X?url=http://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/herb/dimethylglycine}}</ref>。然而，至今無證據顯示二甲基甘氨酸能有效治療粒線體疾病<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Treatment for mitochondrial disorders|first1=Gerald|last2=Majamaa|first2=Kari|date=2012-04-18|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|issue=4|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004426.pub3|pages=CD004426|issn=1469-493X|pmc=7201312|pmid=22513923|last3=Turnbull|first3=Douglass M.|last4=Thorburn|first4=David|last5=Chinnery|first5=Patrick F.|last1=Pfeffer}}</ref>。而已發表的自閉症治療論文表示投予二甲基甘氨酸的組別相較於投予[[安慰劑]]的組別之治療成果並無明顯不同<ref>{{cite journal|title=A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot trial of low-dose dimethylglycine in patients with autistic disorder|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-autism-and-developmental-disorders_1999-06_29_3/page/191|date=June 1999|journal=Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders|issue=3|doi=10.1023/A:1023023820671|volume=29|pages=191–4|pmid=10425581|vauthors=Bolman WM, Richmond JA|s2cid=6993427}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Effectiveness of N,N-dimethylglycine in autism and pervasive developmental disorder|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-child-neurology_2001-03_16_3/page/169|date=March 2001|journal=Journal of Child Neurology|issue=3|doi=10.1177/088307380101600303|volume=16|pages=169–73|pmid=11305684|vauthors=Kern JK, Miller VS, Cauller PL, Kendall PR, Mehta PJ, Dodd M|s2cid=25016913}}</ref>。

== 生物體內活性 ==

二甲基甘胺酸可做為[[N-甲基-D-天門冬胺酸受體]]甘胺酸結合位的[[激動劑]]。<ref name="LinChan2016">{{cite journal|title=N,N-dimethylglycine differentially modulates psychotomimetic and antidepressant-like effects of ketamine in mice|first1=Jen-Cheng|last2=Chan|first2=Ming-Huan|journal=Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry|doi=10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.06.002|year=2016|volume=71|pages=7–13|issn=0278-5846|pmid=27296677|last3=Lee|first3=Mei-Yi|last4=Chen|first4=Yi-Chyan|last5=Chen|first5=Hwei-Hsien|last1=Lin|s2cid=4817868}}</ref>

== 製備 ==
二甲基甘胺酸的自由形式及其鹽酸鹽 [{{CAS|2491-06-7}}]可商購，但二甲基甘胺酸也可由甘胺酸與含水[[甲醛]]的[[甲酸]]溶液（甲酸同時作為[[溶劑]]和[[還原劑]]）進行[[埃施魏勒-克拉克反应]]而甲基化製備得來，反應式如下：<chem>H2NCH2COOH + 2 HCHO + 2 HCOOH -> (CH3)2NCH2COOH + 2 CO2 + 2 H2O</chem>

在[[埃施魏勒-克拉克反应]]之後可加入[[鹽酸]]以產生其鹽酸鹽。二甲基甘胺酸的自由形式可由其鹽酸鹽的[[中和反應]]得來，可由氧化銀作為鹼<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1021/ja01338a041 | year = 1933 | title = The Action of Formaldehyde on Amines and Amino Acids | last1 = Clarke | first1 = H. T. | last2 = Gillespie | first2 = H. B. | last3 = Weisshaus | first3 = S. Z. | journal = Journal of the American Chemical Society | volume = 55 | issue = 11 | pages = 4571}}</ref>
。
== 參考資料 ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:α-胺基酸]]
[[Category:食品添加劑]]
[[Category:二甲氨基化合物]]