查看“︁二甲基汞”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
| verifiedrevid = 407454858
| Name = 二甲基汞
| NameEn = Dimethylmercury
| ImageFile = Dimethylmercury Structural Formulae V2.svg
| ImageFile2 =
| ImageFile3 = Dimethyl-mercury-3D-vdW.png
|IUPACName = Dimethylmercury<ref>{{cite web |title=dimethylmercury – Compound Summary |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11645#x291 |work=PubChem Compound |publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information |access-date=2021-01-29 |location=US |date=16 September 2004 |at=Identification and Related Records |archive-date=2024-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513084326/https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11645#x291 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
| OtherNames = 
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 593-74-8
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| PubChem = 11645
| PubChem_Ref = {{Pubchemcite|correct|PubChem}}
| ChemSpiderID = 11155
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| EINECS = 209-805-3
| UNNumber = 3383
| MeSHName = Dimethyl+mercury
| ChEBI = 30786
| RTECS = OW3010000
| Beilstein = 3600205
| Gmelin = 25889
| SMILES = C[Hg]C
| SMILES1 = [Hg](C)C
| StdInChI = 1S/2CH3.Hg/h2*1H3;
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| InChI = 1/2CH3.Hg/h2*1H3;/rC2H6Hg/c1-3-2/h1-2H3
| StdInChIKey = ATZBPOVXVPIOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| InChIKey = ATZBPOVXVPIOMR-ONZXNHCQAN}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| C = 2
| H = 6
| Hg = 1
| Appearance = 無色液體
| Density = 2.961 g cm<sup>-3</sup>
| MeltingPtC = -43
| BoilingPtCL = 93
| BoilingPtCH = 94
| Solubility = 难溶<ref name=env>《环境化学》. 戴树桂 主编. 高等教育出版社. 第六章 典型污染物在环境各圈层中的转归与效应. P<sub>394</sub></ref>
| RefractIndex = 1.543<ref name="ChemicalBook" />}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
| EUHazardSymbol = {{Chembox EUHazardSymbol|T+|N}}<ref name="ChemicalBook">{{zh}}[http://www.chemicalbook.com/ProductChemicalPropertiesCB3195062.htm ChemicalBook 二甲基汞]</ref>
| EUIndex = 080-007-00-3
| RPhrases = {{R26/27/28}}, {{R33}}, {{R50/53}}
| SPhrases = {{S1/2}}, {{S13}}, {{S28}}, {{S36}}, {{S45}}, {{S60}}, {{S61}}
| NFPA-H = 4
| NFPA-F = 4
| NFPA-R = 1
| FlashPt = 5℃}}
}}
'''二甲基汞'''，化學式(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Hg，是一種含[[汞]][[有機化合物]]。易揮發，易燃，劇毒。<ref name="化学百科">{{zh}}[http://www.chinabaike.com/article/316/hx/2007/20071109627095.html 化学百科 二甲基汞] {{Wayback|url=http://www.chinabaike.com/article/316/hx/2007/20071109627095.html |date=20120203180547 }}</ref>亦是已知最危險的有機汞化合物，对胎兒的[[神經系統]]、[[智商]]和[[記憶]]等有危害<ref>{{zh}}[http://www.51hp.net/Article/hbcs/201010/207177.html 無憂環評 二甲基汞與智商] {{Wayback|url=http://www.51hp.net/Article/hbcs/201010/207177.html |date=20190910144802 }}</ref>，數微升即可致死。

二甲基汞能滲過[[乳膠]]，溶解[[橡胶]]和[[生胶]]。美國[[達特茅斯學院]]的毒物化學教授[[卡伦·韦特豪恩]]（{{lang|en|Karen Elizabeth Wetterhahn}}），因在1996年8月14日實驗中不慎將“兩滴”二甲基汞灑在戴手套的手上，二甲基汞滲過她戴著的乳膠[[手套]]後接觸[[皮膚]]，1997年6月8日不治身亡。<ref>{{zh}}[http://ejournal.stpi.narl.org.tw/NSC_INDEX/Journal/EJ0001/9804/9804-09.pdf 徐統 清華大學材料科學工程系 汞] {{Wayback|url=http://ejournal.stpi.narl.org.tw/NSC_INDEX/Journal/EJ0001/9804/9804-09.pdf |date=20190514075743 }}</ref>

== 性質 ==
=== 物理性質 ===
常溫常壓為無色液體。能與[[乙醇]]和[[乙醚]]互溶，不能與[[水]]互溶<ref name="化学百科" />。

=== 化學性質 ===
二甲基汞與[[氯化汞]]反應，生成[[氯化甲基汞]]：
: <math>\rm \ (CH_3)_2Hg  +  HgCl_2 \rightarrow 2CH_3HgCl</math>

它也容易被光解，产生[[甲烷]]、[[乙烷]]和[[汞]]。<ref name=env />

== 製備 ==
由[[甲基鋰]]與[[氯化汞]]在[[乙醚]]的環境下反應生成<ref name="化学百科" />。

由[[钠汞齐]]和[[碘甲烷]]在[[二甲苯]]环境下反應，生成二甲基汞和[[碘化鈉]]。

: <math>\rm \ Hg + 2Na +  2CH_3 I \rightarrow (CH_3)_2Hg + 2 NaI</math>

實驗室可由過量[[格氏試劑]]與氯化汞作用制得。

== 用途 ==
* 製備[[三甲基镓]]<ref name="化学百科" />和[[氯化甲基汞]]

== 危險 ==
* 遇明火、高溫或強[[氧化劑]]燃燒。
* 能透過[[聚氯乙烯]]和[[氯丁橡膠]]，接觸時必須穿戴特別手套，[[皮膚]]接觸數微升即可致死。
* 危害環境，對水生生物具長期危害。

== 參見 ==

* [[甲基汞]]
* [[水俁病]]{{·}}[[汞中毒]]

== 參考文獻 ==
{{Reflist}}

== 外部連結 ==
* {{en}}[http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts46.html ATSDR - ToxFAQs: Mercury]{{Wayback|url=http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts46.html |date=20070711025025 }}
* {{en}}[http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/phs46.html ATSDR - Public Health Statement: Mercury]{{Wayback|url=http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/phs46.html |date=20060421075119 }}
* {{en}}[http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/alerts/970626.html ATSDR - ALERT! Patterns of Metallic Mercury Exposure, 6/26/97]{{Wayback|url=http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/alerts/970626.html |date=20060420083924 }}
* {{en}}[http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/MHMI/mmg46.html ATSDR - MMG: Mercury]{{Wayback|url=http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/MHMI/mmg46.html |date=20131103024030 }}
* {{en}}[http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp46.html ATSDR - Toxicological Profile: Mercury]{{Wayback|url=http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp46.html |date=20090507131958 }}
* {{en}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20060425193836/http://www.npi.gov.au/database/substance-info/profiles/53.html National Pollutant Inventory - Mercury and compounds Fact Sheet]

{{甲基化合物}}
{{汞化合物}}

[[Category:有机汞化合物]]
[[Category:神经毒素]]
[[Category:剧毒化学品]]
[[Category:甲基化合物]]