查看“︁二氯硅烷”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 444291927
| ImageFile = Dichlorosilane-2D-stereo.png
| ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageSize = 160
| ImageName = Stereo, skeletal formula of dichlorosilane with some explicit hydrogens added
| ImageFileL1 = Dichlorosilane-3D-balls.png
| ImageFileL1_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageNameL1 = Ball and stick model of dichlorosilane
| ImageFileR1 = Dichlorosilane-3D-vdW.png
| ImageFileR1_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageNameR1 = Spacefill model of dichlorosilane
| IUPACName = Dichlorosilane<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nchem.403-comp13 - Compound Summary|url=http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=61330&loc=ec_rcs|work=PubChem Compound|publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information|accessdate=30 November 2011|location=USA|date=27 March 2005|at=Identifiers and Related Records}}</ref>
| OtherNames = 二氯甲硅烷
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| Abbreviations = DCS
| CASNo = 4109-96-0
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 61330
| ChemSpiderID = 55266
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| EINECS = 223-888-3
| UNNumber = 2189
| MeSHName = dichlorosilane
| RTECS =  VV3050000
| SMILES = Cl[SiH2]Cl
| StdInChI = 1S/Cl2H2Si/c1-3-2/h3H2
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = MROCJMGDEKINLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = {{Chem|SiH|2|Cl|2}}
| MolarMass = 101.007 g mol<sup>−1</sup>
| Appearance = 无色气体
| MeltingPtC = −122
| BoilingPtK = 281.4
| BoilingPt_notes = at 101&nbsp;kPa
| Solubility = （反应）
| Density = 1.22 g cm<sup>−3</sup>
| VaporPressure = 167.2 kPa (at 20 °C)
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = −320.49 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>
| Entropy = 286.72 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup>
}}
|Section4={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0442.htm inchem.org]
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS flame}}{{GHS corrosion}}{{GHS skull and crossbones}}
| GHSSignalWord = '''DANGER'''
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|220|250|280|314|330}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|210|261|305+351+338|310|410+403}}
| EUClass = {{Hazchem F+}} {{Hazchem T+}}
| RPhrases = {{R12}}, {{R14}}, {{R26}}, {{R35}}
| SPhrases = {{S26}}, {{S36/37/39}}, {{S45}}, {{S53}}, {{S60}}
| NFPA-H = 4
| NFPA-F = 4
| NFPA-R = 2
| NFPA-S = W
| FlashPtC = -37
| AutoignitionPtC = 55
| Autoignition_ref = <ref>http://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/Encyclopedia.asp?GasID=23</ref>
| ExploLimits = 4.1–99%
}}
|Section5={{Chembox Related
| OtherFunctn = [[氯硅烷]]<br />[[三氯硅烷]]<br />[[四氯化硅]]
| OtherFunctn_label = 氯代硅烷
| OtherCompounds = [[二氯甲烷]]
}}
}}
'''二氯硅烷'''，缩写'''DCS'''，是一种无机化合物，[[化学式]]为SiH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>。

==制备==
二氯硅烷可由[[硅烷]]和[[氯化氢]]按化学计量比在[[三氯化铝]]催化剂的存在下反应制备：<ref name=wj>郝润蓉，方锡义，钮少冲. 《无机化学丛书》第三卷 碳 硅 锗 分族. 北京：科学出版社, 2011. P<sub>142</sub>. 2.3 卤代硅烷（SiH<sub>''n''</sub>X<sub>4-''n''</sub>）. ISBN 978-7-03-030549-7</ref>
:<math>\mathrm{ SiH_4 + 2HCl \ \xrightarrow{AlCl_3, 100^oC}\ SiH_2Cl_2 + 2H_2 }</math>
它也可以利用三氯硅烷来制备：<ref name="Vor2" />
:2 SiHCl<sub>3</sub> ⇔ SiCl<sub>4</sub> + SiH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>

==化学性质==
二氯硅烷遇水[[水解]]，产生多聚硅氧烷（-H<sub>2</sub>Si-O-）<sub>n</sub>；和氨反应氨解，产生(-H<sub>2</sub>SiNH-)<sub>n</sub><ref name=wj />。
==用途==
二氯硅烷可以用来做微电子里的[[半导体]][[硅]]层的起始物料，其优点是它在较低温度可以分解，并且有较高的硅晶体生长速率。<ref name="Vor2">Vorotyntsev, V., Mochalov, G., Kolotilova, M., Kinetics of Dichlorosilane Separation from a Mixture of Chlorosilanes by Distillation Using a Regular Packing, Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering, 38(4), 355-359</ref>
==安全风险==
二氯硅烷是一种化学性质活泼的气体，在空气中可以迅速水解并[[自燃]]。它的毒性也很大，利用它的任何实验都需要有保护性措施。<ref name="Vor3">Vorotyntsev, V., Mochalov, G., Kolotilova, Volkova, E., Gas-Chromatographic and Mass-Spectrometric Determination of Impurity Hydrocarbons in Organochlorine Compounds and Dichlorosilane, Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 61(9), 883-888.</ref>其安全风险还包括皮肤和眼睛的刺激与吸收。<ref name="MSDS">Praxair Material Safety Data Sheet (2007)</ref>

==参考资料==
{{reflist}}
{{矽化合物}}
[[Category:氯硅烷]]