查看“︁二氧化锗”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| verifiedrevid = 440469739
| ImageFile = GeO2powder.jpg
| ImageSize = 
| IUPACName = Germanium dioxide
| OtherNames = 氧化锗<br />ACC10380<br />G-15
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
|   ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 14112
| SMILES = O=[Ge]=O
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 5O6CM4W76A
| InChIKey = YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYAG
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/GeO2/c2-1-3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo = 1310-53-8
|    CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 14796
| InChI = 1/GeO2/c2-1-3
| RTECS = LY5240000
  }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|   Formula = GeO<sub>2</sub>
|   MolarMass = 104.6388
|   Appearance = 白色粉末或无色结晶
|   Density = 4.228 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (六方晶系)<ref name="zghg">中国化工产品大全 上卷，Bc462 氧化锗，页370</ref><br />6.239 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (四方晶系)<ref name="zghg" />
|   MeltingPt = 1115±4°C (六方晶系)<ref name="zghg" /><br />1086±5°C (四方晶系)<ref name="zghg" />
|   BoilingPtC = 
|   Solubility = 4.47 g/L (25 °C) <br /> 10.7 g/L (100 °C)
|   SolubleOther = 在[[氢氟酸|HF]]，[[盐酸|HCl]]中不溶<br />溶于其它酸和碱
|   RefractIndex = 1.650
  }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
|   CrystalStruct = [[四方晶系]]，[[六方晶系]]
  }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
|  Reference = 
|  ExternalMSDS = 
|  EUIndex = 未列出
|  EUHarzardSymbol = {{Chembox EUHazardSymbol|Xn}}
|  EUClass = 
|  RPhrases = {{R22}}
|  SPhrases = {{S22}}-{{S24/25}}
|  RSPhrases = 
|  GHSPictograms = 
|  GHSSignalWord = 
|  HPhrases = 
|  PPhrases = 
|  MainHazards = 
|  IngestionHazard = 
|  InhalationHazard = 
|  EyeHazard = 
|  SkinHazard = 
|  NFPA-H = 
|  NFPA-F = 
|  NFPA-R = 
|  NFPA-O = 
|  FlashPt = 不可燃
|  Autoignition = 
|  ExploLimits = 
|  PEL = 
|  TLV = 
|  MAK = 
|  MELS = 
|  LD50 = 3700 mg/kg (大鼠经口)<ref>[http://sauvignon.mit.edu/safety/geo2.html Aldrich Chemical - Germanium Dioxide, 99.998%, 19947-8] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070923194408/http://sauvignon.mit.edu/safety/geo2.html |date=2007-09-23 }}</ref>
|  LC50 = 
|  LCt50 =
  }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
|   OtherAnions=[[二硫化锗]]<br />[[二硒化锗]]
|   OtherCations=[[二氧化碳]]<br />[[二氧化硅]]<br />[[二氧化锡]]<br />[[二氧化铅]]
|   OtherCpds=[[一氧化锗]]
  }}
}}
'''二氧化锗'''，化学式GeO<sub>2</sub>。

==性质==
白色粉末或无色结晶，为[[四方晶系]]、[[六方晶系]]或[[无定形体]]。六方结晶与β-石英同构，锗为四配位；四方结晶具有[[超石英]]型结构，类似于[[金红石]]，其中锗为六配位。<ref name = "Greenwood">{{Greenwood&Earnshaw}}</ref> 高压下，无定形二氧化锗转变为六配位结构；随着压力降低，二氧化锗也逐渐变为四配位的结构。<ref>Formation and Structure of a Dense Octahedral Glass, M. Guthrie, C. A. Tulk, C. J. Benmore, J. Xu, J. L. Yarger, D. D. Klug, J. S. Tse, H-k. Mao, R. J. Hemley, Physical Review Letters, 93, 115502, {{doi|10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.115502}}</ref> 类金红石型结构的二氧化锗在高压下可转变为另一种[[正交晶系]][[氯化钙]]型结构。<ref>Structural evolution of rutile-type and CaCl<sub>2</sub>-type germanium dioxide at high pressure, J. Haines, J. M.Léger, C.Chateau, A. S.Pereira, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 27, 8 ,(2000), 575-582,{{doi|10.1007/s002690000092}}</ref>

二氧化锗不溶于水和[[盐酸]]，溶于[[碱]]液生成[[锗酸盐]]。<ref name = "Wiberg&Holleman"/> 类金红石型结构的二氧化锗比六方二氧化锗更易溶于水，它与水作用时可产生[[锗酸]]。<ref name="Wiberg&Holleman">Egon Wiberg, Arnold Frederick Holleman, (2001) ''Inorganic Chemistry'', Elsevier ISBN 0123526515</ref>

二氧化锗与[[锗]]粉在1000°C共热时，可得到[[一氧化锗]]。<ref name="Greenwood"/>

==制备==
[[四氯化锗]]与6.5倍体积的[[蒸馏水]]过夜反应，生成不溶性的二氧化锗。用冷水洗涤固体至洗液不含氯离子为止，然后在200°C干燥，得到二氧化锗产品。
:<math>\rm \ GeCl_4+2H_2O\rightarrow GeO_2+4HCl</math>

==用途==
用作金属[[锗]]和其他锗化合物的制取原料、制取[[聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯]]树脂时的催化剂，<ref name=Thiele>{{cite journal en| author = Thiele, Ulrich K. | year = 2001 | title = The Current Status of Catalysis and Catalyst Development for the Industrial Process of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Polycondensation | journal = International Journal of Polymeric Materials | volume = 50 | issue = 3 | pages = 387 – 394 |doi = 10.1080/00914030108035115  }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.guidechem.com/dictionary/1310-53-8.html |title=二氧化锗字典-Guidechem.com{{en}} |accessdate=2012-01-09 |archive-date=2019-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516122405/https://www.guidechem.com/dictionary/1310-53-8.html |dead-url=no }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.guidechem.com/dictionary/1310-53-8.html |date=20190516122405 }}</ref> 以及光谱分析和半导体材料。

==参考资料==
{{reflist}}

{{锗化合物}}
{{氧化物}}

[[Category:锗化合物]]
[[Category:氧化物]]