查看“︁二氧化碳性质表”︁的源代码

[[二氧化碳]]及[[干冰]]的一些性质如下叙述。

==基本訊息==
* 中文名：[[二氧化碳]]、[[干冰]]（固态）
* 化学式：CO<sub>2</sub>
* CAS号：[[124-38-9]]（CO<sub>2</sub>）、1111-72-4（<sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub>）、51-90-1（<sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub>）、18983-82-9（C(<sup>18</sup>O)O）、2537-69-1（C(<sup>18</sup>O)<sub>2</sub>）
* 英文名：Carbon dioxide
* 外观：无色气体（标况）；气态、液态、水溶液和超临界态均为无色；固态时为无色或白色固体

== 结构与性质 ==

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: #FFFFFF; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
! {{chembox header}} | 结构与性质
|-
| [[折射率]], ''n''<sub>D</sub>
| 1.000449  at 589.3&nbsp;nm and 0&nbsp;°C  <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_5/2_5_7.html|title=Refractive index of gases|publisher=NPL|accessdate=7 April 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007092131/http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_5/2_5_7.html|archive-date=2010-10-07|dead-url=yes}} {{Wayback|url=http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_5/2_5_7.html |date=20171207110430 }}</ref>
|-
| [[介电常数]], ε<sub>r</sub>
| 1.60 ε<sub>0</sub>（0&nbsp;°C, 50 atm）
|-
| C=O键平均[[键能]]
|804.4 kJ/mol at {{cvt|298|K|C}}<ref name="Darwent1970"> Darwent, B. deB. (1970). "Bond Dissociation Energies in Simple Molecules" Nat. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) 31, 52 pages.</ref>
|-
| [[键长]]
| C=O 116 pm (1.16 Å) {{citation needed|date=November 2017}}
|-
| [[键角]]
| O-C-O: 180°
|-
| [[磁化率]]
| ?
|-
| [[表面张力]]
| 4.34 dyn/cm（20&nbsp;°C，平衡压力）
|-
| 平衡压力下的液体[[黏度]]<ref name="lange1669">''Lange's Handbook of Chemistry'', 10th ed. pp 1669-1674</ref>
| 0.0925 mPa·s at 5&nbsp;°C<br>0.0852 mPa·s at 10&nbsp;°C<br>0.0712 mPa·s at 20&nbsp;°C<br>0.0625 mPa·s at 25&nbsp;°C<br>0.0321 mPa·s at 31.1&nbsp;°C<br>
|-
|}

==热力学性质==
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: #FFFFFF; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
!{{chembox header}}| 相性质
|-
| [[三相点]]
| {{cvt|216.58|K|C}}, 518.5 kPa
|-
| [[临界点 (热力学)|临界点]]
| {{cvt|304.18|K|C}}, 7.38 MPa
|-
| [[熔化热|标准熔化焓变]], Δ<sub>fus</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| 8.647 kJ/mol（三相点）<ref name="a_l">{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/encyclopedia.asp?GasID=26|title=Gas Encyclopaedia|publisher=Air Liquide|accessdate=1 June 2007|archive-date=2016-11-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123090821/http://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/encyclopedia.asp?GasID=26|dead-url=no}} {{Wayback|url=http://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/encyclopedia.asp?GasID=26 |date=20161123090821 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Standard entropy change of fusion|标准熔化熵变]], Δ<sub>fus</sub>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| ? J/(mol·K)
|-
| [[汽化热|标准汽化焓变]],<ref name="cheric_p"/> Δ<sub>vap</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| 15.326 kJ/mol at {{cvt|215.7|K|C}}
|-
| [[Standard entropy change of vaporization|标准汽化熵变]], Δ<sub>vap</sub>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| 70.8 J/(mol·K)
|-
!{{chembox header}}| 固体性质
|-
| [[标准摩尔生成焓]], Δ<sub>f</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>solid</sub>
| -427.4 kJ/mol
|-
| [[标准摩尔熵]],<ref name="giauqeegan1937">W.F. Giauque and C.J. Egan, "Carbon Dioxide. The Heat Capacity and Vapor Pressure of the Solid. The Heat of Sublimation. Thermodynamic and Spectroscopic Values of the Entropy,"  Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 5, pp. 45-54, 1937.</ref> <br>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>solid</sub>
| 51.07 J/(mol·K)
|-
| [[热容量]],<ref name="giauqeegan1937"/> ''c<sub>p</sub>''
| 2.534 J/(mol·K) at {{cvt|15.52|K|C}}<br>47.11 J/(mol·K) at {{cvt|146.48|K|C}}<br>54.55 J/(mol·K) at {{cvt|189.78|K|C}}<br>
|-
! {{chembox header}} | 液体性质
|-
| [[标准摩尔生成焓]], Δ<sub>f</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>液</sub>
| ? kJ/mol
|-
| [[标准摩尔熵]],<br>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>液</sub>
| ? J/(mol K)
|-
| [[热容量]], ''c<sub>p</sub>''
| ? J/(mol·K)
|-
| [[导热系数]]<ref name=shiyou>卢焕章. 石油化工基础数据手册. 北京: 化工出版社</ref>
| 31.0×10<sup>-5</sup> cal/cm·s·°C（-20°C）<br>25.4×10<sup>-5</sup> cal/cm·s·°C（0°C）<br>19.7×10<sup>-5</sup> cal/cm·s·°C（20°C）
|-
| [[蒸汽压]]<ref name=shiyou />
| 19.449 atm（-20°C)<br>34.397 atm（0°C)<br>56.525 atm（20°C）71.166（30°C）
|-
!{{chembox header}}| 溶液性质
|-
| [[亨利定律|亨利常数]]<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Accounts of Chemical Research|volume=40|issue=11|language=en|issn=0001-4842|date=2007-11-20|pages=1208–1216|doi=10.1021/ar7001649|url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar7001649|title=Solubility of CO 2 , CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 2 H 4 , O 2 , and N 2 in 1-Hexyl-3-methylpyridinium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide: Comparison to Other Ionic Liquids|accessdate=2022-06-13|author=Jessica L. Anderson, JaNeille K. Dixon, Joan F. Brennecke|archive-date=2022-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613023758/https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar7001649|dead-url=no}} {{Wayback|url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar7001649 |date=20220613023758 }}</ref>
| 条件：298 K<br>[bmim][PF<sub>6</sub>] 53.4±0.3, [bmim][BF<sub>4</sub>] 59.0±2.6,<br>[bmim][Tf<sub>2</sub>N] 33.0±0.3, [hmim][Tf<sub>2</sub>N] 31.6±0.2,<br>条件：333 K<br>[hmim][eFAP] 42.0±0.1, [Et<sub>3</sub>NBH<sub>2</sub>mim][Tf<sub>2</sub>N] 113.1±16.9

|-
!{{chembox header}}| 气体性质
|-
| [[标准摩尔生成焓]], Δ<sub>f</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>gas</sub>
| &minus;393.52 kJ/mol
|-
| [[标准摩尔熵]],<br>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>gas</sub>
| 213.79 J/(mol·K)
|-
| [[热容量]],<ref name="lange1525">''Lange's Handbook of Chemistry'', 10th ed, pp 1525-1528</ref> ''c<sub>p</sub>''
| 33.89 J/(mol K) at –75&nbsp;°C<br>36.33 J/(mol K) at 0&nbsp;°C<br>36.61 J/(mol K) at 15&nbsp;°C<br>38.01 J/(mol K) at 100&nbsp;°C<br>43.81 J/(mol K) at 400&nbsp;°C<br>50.87 J/(mol K) at 1000&nbsp;°C<br>56.91 J/(mol K) at 2000&nbsp;°C<br>53.01 J/(mol K) at 38&nbsp;°C, 2457 kPa<br>60.01 J/(mol K) at 38&nbsp;°C, 5482 kPa<br>183.1 J/(mol K) at 38&nbsp;°C, 8653 kPa<br>
|-
| [[绝热指数]]<ref name="lange1525"/><br>''γ'' = ''c<sub>p</sub>''/''c<sub>v</sub>''
| 1.37 at –75&nbsp;°C<br>1.310 at 0&nbsp;°C<br>1.304 at 15&nbsp;°C<br>1.281 at 100&nbsp;°C<br>1.235 at 400&nbsp;°C<br>1.195 at 1000&nbsp;°C<br>1.171 at 2000&nbsp;°C
|-
| [[范德華方程式|范德华常数]]<ref name="lange1522">''Lange's Handbook of Chemistry'', 10th ed, pp 1522-1524</ref>
| a = 363.96 L<sup>2</sup> kPa/mol<sup>2</sup><br> b = 0.04267 liter per mole
|-
| 与[[一氧化碳]]的[[化学平衡]]<ref name="lange1573">''Lange's Handbook of Chemistry'', 10th ed. pp 1573-1576</ref><br>CO + ½{{Chem|O|2}} → {{Chem|C||O|2}}<br>''K'' = <math>\scriptstyle \frac {[\mathrm {CO_2}]} {[\mathrm {CO}][\mathrm {O_2}]^{\frac {1} {2}}}</math><br>''pK'' = log<sub>10</sub> ''K''
| ''pK'' = 45.0438 at T = 298.16 K<br>''pK'' = 25.0054 at T = 500 K<br>''pK'' = 16.5383 at T = 700 K<br>''pK'' = 11.8409 at T = 900 K<br>''pK'' = 8.8583 at T = 1100 K<br>''pK'' = 6.7989 at T = 1300 K<br>''pK'' = 5.2943 at T = 1500 K
|}

== 溶解度 ==
二氧化碳在[[水]]中的[[溶解度]]如下：
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border: 1px solid #C0C090; background-color: #F8EABA"
|- bgcolor="#D0D0D0" align="center"
| colspan="3" | '''CO<sub>2</sub>在101.3 kPa (1 atm)[[气体分压|分压]]下水中的溶解度'''<ref name="lange1100">''Lange's Handbook of Chemistry'', 10th ed., p 1100</ref>
|-
|
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style=" background: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
|- {{chembox header}}
| '''温度'''|| <sup>‡</sup>'''溶解的CO<sub>2</sub>体积<br>（每体积H<sub>2</sub>O）''' || '''溶解的CO<sub>2</sub>质量（克）<br>（每100毫升H<sub>2</sub>O）'''
|-
| 0&nbsp;°C || 1.713 || 0.3346
|-
| 1&nbsp;°C || 1.646 || 0.3213
|-
| 2&nbsp;°C || 1.584 || 0.3091
|-
| 3&nbsp;°C || 1.527 || 0.2978
|-
| 4&nbsp;°C || 1.473 || 0.2871
|-
| 5&nbsp;°C || 1.424 || 0.2774
|-
| 6&nbsp;°C || 1.377 || 0.2681
|-
| 7&nbsp;°C || 1.331 || 0.2589
|-
| 8&nbsp;°C || 1.282 || 0.2492
|-
| 9&nbsp;°C || 1.237 || 0.2403
|-
| 10&nbsp;°C || 1.194 || 0.2318
|-
| 11&nbsp;°C || 1.154 || 0.2239
|-
| 12&nbsp;°C || 1.117 || 0.2165
|-
| 13&nbsp;°C || 1.083 || 0.2098
|-
| 14&nbsp;°C || 1.050 || 0.2032
|-
| 15&nbsp;°C || 1.019 || 0.1970
|-
| 16&nbsp;°C || 0.985 || 0.1903
|-
| 17&nbsp;°C || 0.956 || 0.1845
|}
|  bgcolor="#F8EABA"| &nbsp; &nbsp;
|
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
|- {{chembox header}}
| '''温度'''|| <sup>‡</sup>'''溶解的CO<sub>2</sub>体积<br>（每体积H<sub>2</sub>O）''' || '''溶解的CO<sub>2</sub>质量（克）<br>（每100毫升H<sub>2</sub>O）'''
|-
| 18&nbsp;°C || 0.928 || 0.1789
|-
| 19&nbsp;°C || 0.902 || 0.1737
|-
| 20&nbsp;°C || 0.878 || 0.1688
|-
| 21&nbsp;°C || 0.854 || 0.1640
|-
| 22&nbsp;°C || 0.829 || 0.1590
|-
| 23&nbsp;°C || 0.804 || 0.1540
|-
| 24&nbsp;°C || 0.781 || 0.1493
|-
| 25&nbsp;°C || 0.759 || 0.1449
|-
| 26&nbsp;°C || 0.738 || 0.1406
|-
| 27&nbsp;°C || 0.718 || 0.1366
|-
| 28&nbsp;°C || 0.699 || 0.1327
|-
| 29&nbsp;°C || 0.682 || 0.1292
|-
| 30&nbsp;°C || 0.655 || 0.1257
|-
| 35&nbsp;°C || 0.592 || 0.1105
|-
| 40&nbsp;°C || 0.530 || 0.0973
|-
| 45&nbsp;°C || 0.479 || 0.0860
|-
| 50&nbsp;°C || 0.436 || 0.0761
|-
| 60&nbsp;°C || 0.359 || 0.0576
|}
|-
|}
* <small><sup>‡</sup>Second column of table indicates solubility at each given temperature in volume of CO<sub>2</sub> as it would be measured at 101.3 kPa and 0&nbsp;°C per volume of water. </small>
* The solubility is given for "pure water", i.e., water which contain only CO<sub>2</sub>.  This water is going to be acidic.  For example, at 25&nbsp;°C the [[pH]] of 3.9 is expected (see [[carbonic acid]]). At less acidic pH values, the solubility will increase because of the [[pH]]-dependent speciation of CO<sub>2</sub>.

==固态和气态时的蒸汽压==
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
|-
| {{chembox header}} | '''P（mm Hg）''' || 1 || 10 || 40 || 100 || 400 || 760 || 1520 || 3800 || 7600 || 15200 || 30400 || 45600
|-
| {{chembox header}} | '''P（atm） (2sf，换算自mm Hg)''' || 0.0013 || 0.013 || 0.053 || 0.13 || 0.53 || 1.0 || 2.0 || 5.0 || 10 || 20 || 40 || 60
|-
| {{chembox header}} | '''P（kPa）(换算自mm Hg / atm)''' || 0.13 || 1.3 || 5.3 || 13 || 53 || 101.325 || 202.65 || 506.625 || 1013.25 || 2026.5 || 4053 || 6079.5
|-
| {{chembox header}} | '''T（°C）''' || –134.3<sub>(s)</sub> || –119.5<sub>(s)</sub> || –108.6<sub>(s)</sub> || –100.2<sub>(s)</sub> || –85.7<sub>(s)</sub> || –78.2<sub>(s)</sub> || –69.1<sub>(s)</sub> || –56.7 || –39.5 || –18.9 || 5.9 || 22.4
|}
表格数据来自《CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics》第44版。注释中的“(s)”表示固体上方蒸气的平衡温度。其余温度均为液体上方蒸汽的平衡温度。对于kPa数值，给出了精确值，其他地方的2个有效数字计算自mmHg数值。<br>
[[Image:LogCO2VaporPressure.png|thumb|587px|left|'''CO<sub>2</sub>蒸汽压的log值'''，<math>\scriptstyle \log_e P_{mmHg} = </math><math>\scriptstyle \log_e (\frac {760} {101.325}) - 24.03761 \log_e(T+273.15) - \frac {7062.404} {T+273.15} + 166.3861 + 3.368548 \times 10^{-5} (T+273.15)^2
</math>，所用公式来自CHERIC<ref name="cheric_p">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cheric.org/research/kdb/hcprop/cmpsrch.php|title=Pure Component Properties|publisher=Chemical Engineering Research Information Center|format=Queriable database|accessdate=8 May 2007|archive-date=2007-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070603180431/http://www.cheric.org/research/kdb/hcprop/cmpsrch.php|dead-url=no}}</ref>]]{{Clear}}

==相图==
[[Image:Carbon dioxide pressure-temperature phase diagram.svg|350px]]

==液相/气相平衡热力学数据==
下表列出了液相CO<sub>2</sub>在不同温度下与气相平衡的热力学数据。焓<!--Heat content-->、汽化热和熵是相对于0 °C、3483 kPa的数值。热量值至J/mol需要乘以44.095&nbsp;g/mol。将密度换算为mol/L需要乘以22.678&nbsp;cm<sup>3</sup>-mol/L-g。数据来自《CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics》（第44版），pp. 2560-2561。临界温度曲线（31.1&nbsp;°C）与温度–30&nbsp;°C来自《Lange's Handbook of Chemistry》（第10版），pp. 1463。

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
|- bgcolor="#D0D0D0" align="center"
| colspan="9" | '''二氧化碳液-气平衡热力学数据'''
|- {{chembox header}}
! 温度<br>[[摄氏度|°C]] !! ''P<sub>vap</sub>''<br>蒸汽压<br>[[帕斯卡|kPa]] !! ''H<sub>liq</sub>''<br>液体<br>焓<br>[[joule|J]]/g !! ''H<sub>vap</sub>''<br>蒸气<br>焓<br>[[joule|J]]/g !! Δ<sub>vap</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup><br>汽化<br>热<br>[[joule|J]]/g !! ''ρ<sub>vap</sub>''<br>蒸气<br>密度<br>g/cm<sup>3</sup> !! ''ρ<sub>liq</sub>''<br>液体<br>密度<br>g/cm<sup>3</sup> !! ''S<sub>liq</sub>''<br>液体<br>熵<br>[[joule|J]]/[[mole (unit)|mol]]-°C !! ''S<sub>vap</sub>''<br>蒸气<br>熵<br>[[joule|J]]/[[mole (unit)|mol]]-°C
|-
| –56.6 || 518.3 ||        ||       ||       ||         || 1.179  ||       ||
|-
| –56.0 || 531.8 ||        ||       ||       ||         || 1.177  ||       ||
|-
| –54.0 || 579.1 ||        ||       ||       ||         || 1.169  ||       ||
|-
| –52.0 || 629.6 ||        ||       ||       ||         || 1.162  ||       ||
|-
| –50.0 || 683.4 ||        ||       ||       ||         || 1.155  ||       ||
|-
| –48.0 || 740.6 ||        ||       ||       ||         || 1.147  ||       ||
|-
| –46.0 || 801.3 ||        ||       ||       ||         || 1.139  ||       ||
|-
| –44.0 || 865.6 ||        ||       ||       ||         || 1.131  ||       ||
|-
| –42.0 || 933.8 ||        ||       ||       ||         || 1.124  ||       ||
|-
| –40.0 || 1005.7 ||       ||       ||       ||         || 1.116  ||       ||
|-
| –38.0 || 1081.9 ||       ||       ||       ||         || 1.108  ||       ||
|-
| –36.0 || 1161.8 ||       ||       ||       ||         || 1.100  ||       ||
|-
| –34.0 || 1246.2 ||       ||       ||       ||         || 1.092  ||       ||
|-
| –32.0 || 1335.1 ||       ||       ||       ||         || 1.084  ||       ||
|-
| -30.0 || 1428.6 ||       ||       ||       ||         || 1.075  ||       ||
|-
| –28.89 || 1521 || –55.69 || 237.1 || 292.9 || 0.03846 || 1.0306 || –9.48 || 43.41
|-
| –27.78 || 1575 || –53.76 || 237.3 || 291.0 || 0.03987 || 1.0276 || –9.13 || 43.21
|-
| –26.67 || 1630 || –51.84 || 237.6 || 289.4 || 0.04133 || 1.0242 || –8.78 || 43.01
|-
| –25.56 || 1686 || –49.87 || 237.6 || 287.5 || 0.04283 || 1.0209 || –8.45 || 42.78
|-
| –24.44 || 1744 || –47.91 || 237.8 || 285.7 || 0.04440 || 1.0170 || –8.10 || 42.56
|-
| –23.33 || 1804 || –45.94 || 237.8 || 283.6 || 0.04600 || 1.0132 || –7.75 || 42.36
|-
| –22.22 || 1866 || –43.93 || 237.8 || 281.7 || 0.04767 || 1.0093 || –7.40 || 42.14
|-
| –21.11 || 1928 || –41.92 || 237.8 || 279.6 || 0.04938 || 1.0053 || –7.05 || 41.94
|-
| –20.00 || 1993 || –39.91 || 237.8 || 277.8 || 0.05116 || 1.0011 || –6.68 || 41.71
|-
| –18.89 || 2059 || –37.86 || 237.8 || 275.7 || 0.05300 || 0.9968 || –6.31 || 41.49
|-
| –17.78 || 2114 || –35.82 || 237.6 || 273.6 || 0.05489 || 0.9923 || –5.98 || 41.27
|-
| –16.67 || 2197 || –33.73 || 237.6 || 271.2 || 0.05686 || 0.9875 || –5.61 || 41.05
|-
| –15.56 || 2269 || –31.64 || 237.3 || 269.2 || 0.05888 || 0.9829 || –5.26 || 40.83
|-
| –14.44 || 2343 || –29.54 || 237.3 || 266.9 || 0.06098 || 0.9782 || –4.91 || 40.61
|-
| –13.33 || 2418 || –27.41 || 237.1 || 264.5 || 0.06314 || 0.9734 || –4.54 || 40.39
|-
| –12.22 || 2495 || –25.27 || 236.9 || 262.2 || 0.06539 || 0.9665 || –4.17 || 40.15
|-
| –11.11 || 2574 || –23.09 || 236.7 || 259.7 || 0.06771 || 0.9639 || –3.80 || 39.92
|-
| –10.00 || 2654 || –20.90 || 236.4 || 257.3 || 0.07011 || 0.9592 || –3.43 || 39.68
|-
|  –8.89 || 2738 || –18.69 || 235.9 || 254.8 || 0.07259 || 0.9543 || –3.06 || 39.46
|-
|  –7.78 || 2823 || –16.45 || 235.7 || 252.2 || 0.07516 || 0.9494 || –2.69 || 39.22
|-
|  –6.67 || 2910 || –14.18 || 235.2 || 249.4 || 0.07783 || 0.9443 || –2.32 || 38.98
|-
|  –5.56 || 2999 || –11.90 || 234.8 || 246.6 || 0.08059 || 0.9393 || –1.94 || 38.74
|-
|  –4.44 || 3090 || –9.977 || 234.3 || 243.8 || 0.08347 || 0.9340 || –1.57 || 38.50
|-
|  –3.89 || 3136 || –8.410 || 234.1 || 242.4 || 0.08494 || 0.9313 || –1.37 || 38.37
|-
|  –2.78 || 3230 || –6.046 || 233.6 || 239.7 || 0.08797 || 0.9260 || –0.98 || 38.12
|-
|  –1.67 || 3327 || –3.648 || 232.9 || 236.6 || 0.09111 || 0.9206 || –0.59 || 37.88
|-
|  –0.56 || 3425 || –1.222 || 232.4 || 233.6 || 0.09438 || 0.9150 || –0.20 || 37.62
|-
|   0.56 || 3526 ||  1.234 || 231.7 || 230.5 || 0.09776 || 0.9094 ||  0.20 || 37.36
|-
|   1.67 || 3629 ||  3.728 || 231.0 || 227.3 || 0.1013 || 0.9036 ||  0.61 || 37.08
|-
|   2.78 || 3735 ||  6.268 || 230.4 || 224.0 || 0.1050 || 0.8975 ||  1.01 || 36.83
|-
|   3.89 || 3843 ||  8.445 || 229.4 || 220.5 || 0.1088 || 0.8914 ||  1.42 || 36.55
|-
|   5.00 || 3953 ||  11.46 || 228.5 || 217.0 || 0.1128 || 0.8850 ||  1.83 || 36.25
|-
|   6.11 || 4067 ||  14.13 || 227.6 || 213.4 || 0.1169 || 0.8784 ||  2.25 || 35.98
|-
|   7.22 || 4182 ||  16.85 || 226.5 || 209.7 || 0.1213 || 0.8716 ||  2.69 || 35.68
|-
|   8.33 || 4300 ||  19.63 || 225.4 || 205.8 || 0.1258 || 0.8645 ||  3.12 || 35.39
|-
|   9.44 || 4420 ||  22.46 || 224.3 || 201.8 || 0.1306 || 0.8571 ||  3.56 || 35.07
|-
|  10.56 || 4544 ||  25.36 || 223.1 || 197.7 || 0.1355 || 0.8496 ||  4.02 || 34.76
|-
|  11.67 || 4670 ||  28.33 || 221.8 || 193.4 || 0.1408 || 0.8418 ||  4.48 || 34.45
|-
|  12.78 || 4798 ||  31.35 || 220.3 || 188.9 || 0.1463 || 0.8338 ||  4.94 || 34.11
|-
|  13.89 || 4929 ||  34.49 || 218.8 || 184.3 || 0.1521 || 0.8254 ||  5.42 || 33.76
|-
|  15.00 || 5063 ||  37.30 || 217.2 || 179.5 || 0.1583 || 0.8168 ||  5.92 || 33.41
|-
|  16.11 || 5200 ||  41.03 || 215.1 || 174.4 || 0.1648 || 0.8076 ||  6.42 || 33.02
|-
|  17.22 || 5340 || 44.48  || 213.6 || 169.1 || 0.1717 || 0.7977 ||  6.96 || 32.66
|-
|  18.33 || 5482 || 48.03  || 211.5 || 163.5 || 0.1791 || 0.7871 ||  7.49 || 32.25
|-
|  19.44 || 5628 || 51.71  || 209.4 || 157.6 || 0.1869 || 0.7759 ||  8.04 || 31.83
|-
|  20.56 || 5776 || 55.61 ||  207.0 || 151.4 || 0.1956 || 0.7639 ||  8.63 || 31.38
|-
|  21.67 || 5928 || 59.66 ||  204.3 || 144.7 || 0.2054 || 0.7508 ||  9.24 || 30.90
|-
|  22.78 || 6083 || 63.97 ||  201.5 || 137.5 || 0.2151 || 0.7367 ||  9.89 || 30.39
|-
|  23.89 || 6240 || 68.58 ||  198.4 || 129.8 || 0.2263 || 0.7216 ||  10.57 || 29.85
|-
|  25.00 || 6401 || 73.51 ||  194.8 || 121.3 || 0.2387 || 0.7058 ||  11.31 || 29.24
|-
|  26.11 || 6565 || 78.91 ||  190.7 || 111.8 || 0.2532 || 0.6894 ||  12.10 || 28.60
|-
|  27.22 || 6733 || 84.94 ||  186.0 || 101.1 || 0.2707 || 0.6720 ||  12.99 || 27.84
|-
|  28.33 || 6902 || 91.88 || 180.4 || 88.49 || 0.2923 || 0.6507 ||  14.00 || 26.95
|-
|  29.44 || 7081 || 100.4 || 173.1 || 72.72 || 0.3204 || 0.6209 ||  15.24 || 25.85
|-
|  30.00 || 7164 || 105.6 || 168.4 || 62.76 || 0.3378 || 0.5992 ||  16.01 || 25.15
|-
|  30.56 || 7253 || 112.3 || 162.3 || 50.04 || 0.3581 || 0.5661 ||  16.99 || 24.24
|-
|  31.1 || 7391 ||  ||  || 0.00 || 0.4641 || 0.4641 ||   ||
|- {{chembox header}}
! 温度<br>[[摄氏度|°C]] !! ''P<sub>vap</sub>''<br>蒸汽压<br>[[帕斯卡|kPa]] !! ''H<sub>liq</sub>''<br>液体<br>焓<br>[[joule|J]]/g !! ''H<sub>vap</sub>''<br>蒸气<br>焓<br>[[joule|J]]/g !! Δ<sub>vap</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup><br>汽化<br>热<br>[[joule|J]]/g !! ''ρ<sub>vap</sub>''<br>蒸气<br>密度<br>g/cm<sup>3</sup> !! ''ρ<sub>liq</sub>''<br>液体<br>密度<br>g/cm<sup>3</sup> !! ''S<sub>liq</sub>''<br>液体<br>熵<br>[[joule|J]]/[[mole (unit)|mol]]-°C !! ''S<sub>vap</sub>''<br>蒸气<br>熵<br>[[joule|J]]/[[mole (unit)|mol]]-°C
|}

== 谱图数据 ==
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: #FFFFFF; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
! {{chembox header}} | [[紫外-可见分光光度法|UV-Vis]]
|-
| λ<sub>max</sub>
| ? [[纳米|nm]]
|-
| [[摩尔消光系数|消光系数]], ε
| ?
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[红外|IR]]{{efn|由于氮气和氧气分子是对称的，而二氧化碳和水蒸气不是，因此红外分光光度计中的空气可能会有二氧化碳和水的吸收。这很容易通过从实验测得的光谱减去空白去除，而且仪器也可以用干燥的氮气吹扫。}}
|-
| 主要吸收峰{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}}
| 2350 and 667&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup>
(4.25 and 14.99&nbsp;um)
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[核磁共振波谱法|NMR]]
|-
| [[核磁共振氢谱|<sup>1</sup>H NMR]] <!-- Link to image of spectrum -->
| 不适用
|-
| [[13碳核磁共振|<sup>13</sup>C NMR]] <!-- Link to image of spectrum -->
| 125.0<ref name=reich13Cnmr>{{cite web|last1=Reich|first1=H. J.|title=C-13 Chemical Shifts|url=http://www.chem.wisc.edu/areas/reich/handouts/nmr-c13/cdata.htm|website=Organic Chem Info|publisher=University of Wisconsin|accessdate=31 May 2015|ref=reich13Cnmr|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302024127/http://www.chem.wisc.edu/areas/reich/handouts/nmr-c13/cdata.htm|archivedate=2015年3月2日}} {{Wayback|url=http://www.chem.wisc.edu/areas/reich/handouts/nmr-c13/cdata.htm |date=20150302024127 }}</ref>
|-
<!-- | Other NMR data 
| &nbsp; -->
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[质谱法|MS]]
|-
| 主要碎片质量
| &nbsp; <!-- Give list of major fragments -->
|-
|}

== 化学反应方程式 ==
{| class="wikitable"
! 反应物 !! 反应方程式 !! 反应条件
|-
| colspan = 3 | <center>'''酸性'''</center>
|-
| 水 || CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O ⇌ H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> || 常温、常压
|-
| 氧化物 ||  CO<sub>2</sub> + CaO = CaCO<sub>3</sub><BR>CO<sub>2</sub> + BaO = BaCO<sub>3</sub> ||
|-
| 氢氧化物 || CO<sub>2</sub> + 2 NaOH = Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O<BR>CO<sub>2</sub> + 2 KOH = K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O||固体或溶液
|-
| 碳酸盐 || CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O + Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> → 2 NaHCO<sub>3</sub><BR>CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O + K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> → 2 KHCO<sub>3</sub><BR>CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O + Cs<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> → 2 CsHCO<sub>3</sub><BR>CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O + CaCO<sub>3</sub> ⇌ Ca(HCO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> || 溶液
|-
| 铜、氧气 || 2 Cu + O<sub>2</sub> + CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O → [[碱式碳酸铜|Cu<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>]]<sub>（水合物）</sub> || 潮湿空气
|-
| rowspan=2 | 氨 || CO<sub>2</sub> + 2 NH<sub>3</sub> → [[氨基甲酸铵|NH<sub>2</sub>COONH<sub>4</sub>]] || 干燥反应
|-
| CO<sub>2</sub> + 2 NH<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O → (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub><ref>[https://www.chemicalbook.com/ProductChemicalPropertiesCB9393644.htm 碳酸铵] {{Wayback|url=https://www.chemicalbook.com/ProductChemicalPropertiesCB9393644.htm |date=20201126221649 }}. Chemical Book. [2018-1-18]</ref> || 溶液
|-
| colspan = 3 | <center>'''弱氧化性'''</center>
|-
| 碳 || CO<sub>2</sub> + C ⇌ 2 CO || 高温
|-
| 镁 || CO<sub>2</sub> + 2 Mg → 2 MgO + C || 点燃
|-
| colspan = 3 | <center>'''作为弱亲电试剂'''</center>
|-
| 金属有机化合物 || [[格氏试剂|RMgX]] + CO<sub>2</sub> → RCOOH ||
|-
| [[苯酚钠]] || PhONa + CO<sub>2</sub> → [[水杨酸钠|Ph(OH)COONa]] ||
|-
|}

== 化学品安全技术说明书 ==

二氧化碳的安全技术说明书（MSDS）可以参见[http://www.somsds.com/detail.asp?id=-741069121 此页面]{{Wayback|url=http://www.somsds.com/detail.asp?id=-741069121 |date=20201126190749 }}。

==注释==
{{notelist}}

==参考文献==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:二氧化碳]]
[[Category:化学性质表]]