查看“︁二氟化银”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
| Name = 二氟化银
| ImageFileL1 = Silver(II)-fluoride-3D-ionic.png
| ImageFileR1 = Silver(II)-fluoride-3D-vdW.png
| ImageSizeL1 = 140
| ImageSizeR1 = 140
| ImageFile2 = Silver(II) fluoride.jpg
| ImageName = 二氟化银
| IUPACName = silver(II) fluoride
| OtherNames = 氟化银(II)<br />氟化高银
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 10802085
| InChI = 1/Ag.2FH/h;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2
| InChIKey = KWVVTSALYXIJSS-NUQVWONBAP
| SMILES = [Ag+2].[F-].[F-]
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/Ag.2FH/h;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = KWVVTSALYXIJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-L
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 7783-95-1
| PubChem = 82221
| EINECS = 232-037-5
  }}
|Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = AgF<sub>2</sub>
| MolarMass = 145.865
| Appearance = 黑蓝色<ref>{{cite book | author1 = Pierre Villars | author2 = Karin Cenzual | author3 = Roman Gladyshevskii | date = 24 July 2017 | title = Handbook | publisher = Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG | pages = | isbn = 978-3-11-043655-6 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ycw0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT1631}}</ref>晶体粉末
| Density = 4.58 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| Solubility = 剧烈反应
| MeltingPt = 690 °C (963 K)
| BoilingPt = 700 °C 分解
  }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| MolShape = 直线型
| Coordination =
| CrystalStruct = 正交
  }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalMSDS = [http://newsearchch.chemexper.com/cheminfo/servlet/org.dbcreator.MainServlet?action=PowerSearch&query=msds._msdsID%3D19659&sort=&target=msds&from=0&realQuery=rn.value%3D%3D%227783-95-1%22&searchTemplate=rn.value%3D%3D%3F&searchValue=7783-95-1&history=off&options=brandqtyoffer&format=ccd MSDS]
| MainHazards = 有毒、与水剧烈反应、氧化剂}}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherCpds = [[氟化银]]、[[氟化二银]]<br />[[氧化银]]、[[一氧化银]]}}
}}
'''二氟化银'''（[[化学式]]：[[银|Ag]][[氟|F]]<sub>2</sub>），[[IUPAC名称]]'''氟化银(II)'''，是少见的[[银]][[氧化态|(II)]]化合物之一。二氟化银是无色或白色结晶粉末，对光敏感，有杂质[[氧化银]]和[[氟化银]]存在时呈棕色或黄色。它是强[[氟化剂]]，需保存在[[特富龙]]材料或[[石英]]管中。

== 制备 ==

AgF<sub>2</sub>主要用于实验室用途，可由[[氧化银|Ag<sub>2</sub>O]]、[[氟化银|AgF]]或[[氯化银|AgCl]]与[[氟气]]反应制备。<ref>Priest, H. F. “Anhydrous Metal Fluorides”  Inorganic Syntheses McGraw-Hill: New York, 1950; Vol. 3, pages 171-183.</ref><ref>''Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology.'' Kirk-Othermer. Vol.11, 4th Ed. ('''1991''')</ref>

== 结构 ==

大多数二氟化银的F/Ag摩尔比都小于2，一般为1.75，含有[[碳]]、[[银]]及银的[[氧化物]]杂质。<ref>J.T. Wolan, G.B. Hoflund. "Surface Characterization Study of AgF and AgF<sub>2</sub> Powders Using XPS and ISS," ''Applied Surface Science.'' 125, ('''1998''').</ref>

以前有人曾认为二氟化银中银不是+2[[氧化态]]，而是Ag<sup>I</sup>和Ag<sup>III</sup>的[[混合价态化合物]]（Ag<sup>I</sup>[Ag<sup>III</sup>F<sub>4</sub>]），与[[一氧化银]]类似。但Ag(II)的存在已被[[中子衍射]]证实。高温时存在Ag<sup>I</sup>[Ag<sup>III</sup>F<sub>4</sub>]结构，但该结构不稳定，会转化为AgF<sub>2</sub>。<ref>Hans-Christian Miller, Axel Schultz, and Magdolna Hargittai. "Structure and Bonding in Silver Halides: A Quantum...X=F, Cl, Br, I," [[Journal of the American Chemical Society]] 127(22), ('''2005''').</ref>

二氟化银[[基态]]与第一[[激发态]]间的能量为59kJ/mol。它具[[顺磁性]]，-110°C以下呈现[[铁磁性]]，气态时为D<sub>∞h</sub>[[对称群]]。

== 反应 ==

二氟化银与水剧烈反应，并生成臭氧：

:<math>\rm \ 6AgF_2 + 3H_2O \rightarrow 6AgF + 6HF + O_3 \uparrow</math>

二氟化银与稀硫酸加热，

:<math>\rm \ 4AgF_2 + 2H_2SO_4 + 2H_2O \xrightarrow{\triangle} 2Ag_2SO_4+8HF+O_2 \uparrow</math>

== 用途 ==

AgF<sub>2</sub>用作强[[氧化剂]]和[[氟化剂]]。一些反应如：

* 合成[[全氟化合物]]，<ref>Rausch, D.; Davis, r.; Osborne, D. W. "The Addition of Fluorine to Halogenated Olefins by Means of Metal Fluorides," [[Journal of Organic Chemistry]] volume 28, pp. 494-497, Jul. ('''1962''').</ref>途径有：
# <math>\rm \ CR_3H + 2AgF_2 \rightarrow CR_3F + HF + 2AgF</math>
# <math>\rm \ CR_3X + 2AgF_2 \rightarrow CR_3F + X_2 + 2AgF</math>
# <math>\rm \ R_2C=CR_2 + 2AgF_2 \rightarrow R_2CFCFR_2 + 2AgF</math>

R为有机[[基团]]，X为[[卤素]]原子。用于此用途的高价[[氟化物]]还有[[三氟化钴|CoF<sub>3</sub>]]、[[三氟化锰|MnF<sub>3</sub>]]、[[四氟化铈|CeF<sub>4</sub>]]和[[四氟化铅|PbF<sub>4</sub>]]。

* 可与[[芳香化合物]]很快发生[[氟化]]反应，但较难控制在一氟代物：<ref>Zweig, A.; Fischer, R. G.;  Lancaster, J. "New Methods for Selective Monofluorination of Aromatics Using Silver Difluoride," [[Journal of Organic Chemistry]] volume 45, ('''1980''').</ref>
: C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>  +  2AgF<sub>2</sub>  →  C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>F  +  2AgF  +  HF

* 合成[[氙]]的氟化物。<ref>Levec, J.; Slivnik, J.; Zemva, B. "On the Reaction Between Xenon and Fluorine," ''Journal of Inorganic Nuclear Chemistry'' Volume 36, ('''1974''').</ref>反应具爆炸性，于[[无水]][[氟化氢]]溶液中反应得到[[二氟化氙]]。

* 氧化[[一氧化碳]]为[[碳酰氟]]。

==危害==
{{chem|AgF|2}}是极强的氧化剂，和水剧烈反应，<ref name="perry">{{cite book
| title = Handbook of inorganic compounds
| url = https://archive.org/details/handbookofinorga0000unse
| author1 = Dale L. Perry
| author2 = Sidney L. Phillips
| publisher = CRC Press
| year = 1995
| isbn = 0-8493-8671-3
| page = [https://archive.org/details/handbookofinorga0000unse/page/352 352]
}}</ref>和稀酸反应生成[[臭氧]]，和[[碘化物]]反应生成[[碘]]，<ref name="perry"/><ref name="armarego">{{cite book
| title = Purification of Laboratory Chemicals
| url = https://archive.org/details/purificationlabo00arma_901
| publisher = Butterworth-Heinemann
| author1 = W. L. F. Armarego
| author2 = Christina Li Lin Chai
| edition = 6th
| year = 2009
| isbn = 978-1-85617-567-8
| page = [https://archive.org/details/purificationlabo00arma_901/page/n505 490]
}}</ref>和[[乙炔]]反应还会生成爆炸性的[[乙炔银]]。<ref name="pohanish">{{cite book
| title = Wiley Guide to Chemical Incompatibilities
| url = https://archive.org/details/wileyguidetochem00poha_240
| author1 = Richard P. Pohanish
| author2 = Stanley A. Greene
| edition = 3rd
| publisher = John Wiley and Sons
| year = 2009
| isbn = 978-0-470-38763-4
| page = [https://archive.org/details/wileyguidetochem00poha_240/page/n112 93]
}}</ref>它对光敏感，<ref name="perry"/>非常容易[[潮解]]且有腐蚀性。它和[[过氧化氢]]剧烈反应，放出氧气。<ref name="pohanish"/>

== 参考资料 ==

{{Reflist|}}

== 外部链接 ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060116134617/http://www.npi.gov.au/database/substance-info/profiles/44.html 氟化物资料]{{en icon}}
* [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/compounds/text/Ag/Ag1F2-7783951.html WebElements—AgF<sub>2</sub>]{{Wayback|url=http://www.webelements.com/webelements/compounds/text/Ag/Ag1F2-7783951.html |date=20080516042819 }}{{en icon}}
* [http://www.chemyq.com/xz/xz4/34887okffa.htm 二氟化银]{{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130425133536/http://www.chemyq.com/xz/xz4/34887okffa.htm |date=2013-04-25 }}—化工引擎

{{银化合物}}
{{氟化物}}

[[Category:氟化物]]
[[Category:卤化银]]
[[Category:氟化剂]]