查看“︁乙醇鉀”︁的源代码

'''乙醇鉀'''，化學式<chem>C2H5OK</chem>，是一種[[乙醇鹽]]<ref>Bradley, D. C.; Mehrotra, R.; Rothwell, I.; Singh, A. “Alkoxo and Aryloxo Derivatives of Metals” Academic Press, San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0121241408.</ref>。其中包含乙醇陰離子，此陰離子是[[乙醇]]的[[共軛鹼]]。乙醇鉀具有很强的[[鹼性]]。由於其鹼性和親核性，因此它可用於[[有機合成]]。
{{Chembox
| Name = Potassium ethoxide
| ImageFile = Potassium ethoxide.svg
| PIN = Potassium ethoxide
| OtherNames = Potassium ethylate
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 917-58-8
| PubChem = 70189
| ChemSpiderID = 63375
| SMILES = CC[O-].[K+]
| InChI = 1/C2H5O.K/c1-2-3;/h2H2,1H3;/q-1;+1
| InChIKey = RPDAUEIUDPHABB-UHFFFAOYAN
| StdInChI = 1S/C2H5O.K/c1-2-3;/h2H2,1H3;/q-1;+1
| StdInChIKey = RPDAUEIUDPHABB-UHFFFAOYSA-N}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C=2 | H=5 | O=1 | K=1
| Appearance = 黃色或乳白色粉末 <ref name="World Of Chemicals">[http://www.worldofchemicals.com/wochem/pub/chempotassium-ethoxide.html], n.pag. World Of Chemicals. Web. 19 Oct 2012. <http://www.worldofchemicals.com/wochem/pub/chempotassium-ethoxide.html>.</ref>
| Density = 0.894 g/mL <ref name="pubchem">{{PubChem|23670592}}</ref>
| MeltingPtC = 250
| BoilingPt =
| Solubility = 遇水反應 }}
|Section3={{Chembox Hazards  
| EUClass = {{Hazchem F}} {{Hazchem C}}
| MainHazards =
| FlashPt =
| AutoignitionPt = }}
}}

==製備==
[[乙醇]]跟金屬[[鉀]]反應，可以生產乙醇鉀<ref>{{cite web |title=Reactions of Alcohols |url=https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/chemistry/organic-chemistry-ii/alcohols-and-ethers/reactions-of-alcohols |publisher=CliffsNotes |accessdate=2021-09-12 |language=en |archive-date=2021-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912100419/https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/chemistry/organic-chemistry-ii/alcohols-and-ethers/reactions-of-alcohols }}</ref>：
:<chem> 2 CH3CH2OH + 2 K ->2 CH3CH2OK + H2</chem>

==反應==
===鹼性===
跟[[乙醇鈉]]、[[叔丁醇鉀]]一樣，乙醇鉀是一種[[强鹼]]。除了可以水解生成乙醇和[[氫氧化鉀]]之外，它亦可奪取[[有機化合物]]的[[質子]]，因此可作爲[[丙二酸酯合成]]<ref>{{cite book en|last=House|first=Herbert O.|title=Modern Synthetic Reactions|url=https://archive.org/details/modernsyntheticr0000hous_a1v3|publisher=W. A. Benjamin|date =1972|location=Menlo Park, CA.|isbn=0-8053-4501-9}}</ref>、[[乙醯乙酸酯合成]]<ref>Smith, Janice Gorzynski. ''Organic Chemistry: Second Ed''. 2008. pp 905-906</ref>、[[克萊森酯縮合反應]]等有機反應的鹼[[催化劑]]。

下圖為[[1-溴-2-甲基丙烷]]和乙醇鉀的[[雙分子消去反應]]的機理：
:[[Image:E2 elimination reaction.svg|center|500px|Scheme 1. E2 reaction mechanism]]

===親核性===
乙醇鉀是一個很好的[[親核試劑]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Chapter 8: Nucleophilic Substitution |url=https://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/Carey5th/Ch08/ch8-5.html |publisher=卡爾加里大學 |accessdate=2021-09-12 |language=en |archive-date=2021-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022043305/https://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/351/Carey5th/Ch08/ch8-5.html }}</ref>，因此可以進攻[[親電試劑]]，發生各種的親核反應。例如，乙醇鉀可與[[甲基溴]]發生[[雙分子親核取代反應]]，生成[[甲乙醚]]，即[[威廉姆遜合成反應]]<ref>{{cite journal
 | author =
 | title = Theory of Aetherification
 | journal = Philosophical Magazine 
 | volume = 37
 | pages = 350–356
 | year = 1850}} ([http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/williamson.html 此文的摘要] {{Wayback|url=http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/williamson.html |date=20190423075534 }})</ref>。
[[File:Williamson-ether-synthesis-2D.png|400px|威廉姆逊合成法机理]]

或者與鄰或對位有[[吸電子基團]]的芳香化合物發生[[芳香族親核取代反應]]（加成-消去機理）<ref>{{cite book |author1=邢其毅 |author2=裴堅 |author3=裴偉偉 |author4=徐瑞秋 |title=基礎有機化學 |publisher=北京大學出版社 |isbn=9787301279434 |page=787 |accessdate=2021-09-12 |language=中文 |chapter=芳香親核取代反應（一） 加成-消去機理}}</ref>。

==安全==
乙醇鉀[[易燃]]且帶[[腐蝕性]]，具有一定的危險性。乙醇鉀會與水劇烈反應，如果它與潮濕的空氣接觸，可能會導致火警。乙醇鉀不能與水、酸、[[氧化劑]]、[[還原劑]]等接觸<ref name="caslab">[http://www.caslab.com/Potassium_ethoxide_CAS_917-58-8/] {{Wayback|url=http://www.caslab.com/Potassium_ethoxide_CAS_917-58-8/ |date=20180830174452 }}, n.pag. CasLAb. Web. 19 Oct 2012. <http://www.caslab.com/Potassium_ethoxide_CAS_917-58-8/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.caslab.com/Potassium_ethoxide_CAS_917-58-8/ |date=20180830174452 }}>.</ref>。它還有可能導致嚴重的[[皮膚灼傷]]<ref name="chemexper">[http://www.chemexper.com/chemicals/supplier/cas/917-58-8.html] {{Wayback|url=http://www.chemexper.com/chemicals/supplier/cas/917-58-8.html |date=20210912105019 }}, n.pag. chemexper. Web. 19 Oct 2012. <http://www.chemexper.com/chemicals/supplier/cas/917-58-8.html {{Wayback|url=http://www.chemexper.com/chemicals/supplier/cas/917-58-8.html |date=20210912105019 }}>.</ref>。

==參見==
*[[乙醇鈉]]
*[[醇鹽]]
*[[乙醇鹽]]

==參考資料==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:乙醇盐]]
[[Category:钾化合物]]