查看“︁乙醇酸”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| Reference = <ref name="GESTIS">{{GESTIS|Name=|ZVG=491071|CAS=79-14-1|Datum=06.01.2008}}</ref>
| Name = 乙醇酸
| NameEn = Glycolic acid
| ImageFileL1 = glycolic acid.svg
| ImageSizeL1 = 120px
| ImageNameL1 = 乙醇酸结构式
| ImageFileR1 = Glycolic acid3d.png
| ImageSizeR1 = 140px 
| ImageNameR1 = 乙醇酸球棍模型
| IUPACName = 2-Hydroxyethanoic acid  2-羥基乙酸
| OtherNames = 羟基乙酸<br />α-羟基乙酸<br />羟基醋酸<br />甘醇酸
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB03085
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 17497
| SMILES = C(C(=O)O)O
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 0WT12SX38S
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}}
| KEGG = C00160
| InChI = 1/C2H4O3/c3-1-2(4)5/h3H,1H2,(H,4,5)
| InChIKey = AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYAR
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 252557
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C2H4O3/c3-1-2(4)5/h3H,1H2,(H,4,5)
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo = 79-14-1
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 757
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 737
| RTECS = MC5250000
  }}
|Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|   Formula = C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>3</sub>
|   MolarMass = 76.05
|   Appearance = 无色无味结晶粉末
|   Density = 1.27 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
|   Solubility = 易溶于水，1000 g·l<sup>-1</sup><ref name=chemid>{{PubChem|757}}</ref>
|   SolOther = 溶于[[醇]]、[[酮]]、[[醋酸]]及[[乙酸乙酯]]<ref name="dupont">{{cite web | title=DuPont Glycolic Acid Technical Information | url=http://www.dupont.com/glycolicacid/applications/index.html | accessdate=2006-07-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060714181421/http://www.dupont.com/glycolicacid/applications/index.html | archive-date=2006-07-14 | dead-url=yes }}</ref>
|   MeltingPt = 75℃
|   BoilingPt = 100℃ (分解)
|   pKa = 3.83<ref name=chemid/>
|   Viscosity = 
  }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
|   ExternalMSDS =
|   MainHazards = 腐蚀性 ('''C''')
|   NFPA-H = 3
|   NFPA-F = 1
|   NFPA-R =
|   FlashPt = 129℃<ref name="Akron">{{cite web | title=Glycolic Acid MSDS | url=http://ull.chemistry.uakron.edu/erd/chemicals/7/6540.html | publisher=University of Akron | accessdate=2006-09-18 | archive-date=2012-11-22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122083123/http://ull.chemistry.uakron.edu/erd/chemicals/7/6540.html | dead-url=yes }}</ref>
|   RPhrases = {{R22}}, {{R34}}
|   SPhrases = {{S26}}, {{S36/37/39}}, {{S45}}
|   LD50 = 1000 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> (猫静注) <ref name=prehled>''Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky.'' Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986, Pg. 656, 1986.</ref><br />7.1 mg·m<sup>−3</sup>/4h (大鼠吸入LC<sub>50</sub>)<ref name=inhtox>''Inhalation Toxicology.'' Vol. 9, Pg. 435, 1997</ref><br />1920 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> (豚鼠经口) <ref name=jiht>''Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology.'' Vol. 23, Pg. 259, 1941</ref><br />1950 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> (大鼠经口) <ref name=jiht/>
  }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
|   Function = α-羟基羧酸
|   OtherFunctn = [[乳酸]]
|   OtherCpds = [[醋酸]]<br />[[丙三醇]]
  }}
}}

'''乙醇酸'''（glycolic acid (hydroacetic acid or hydroxyacetic acid)），别名2-羟基乙酸、羟基乙酸。结构式HOCH<sub>2</sub>COOH。

==性质==
纯品为无色无味易[[潮解]]结晶。溶于水、[[乙醇]]和[[乙醚]]。工业品常为70％水溶液，淡黄色液体，有类似烧[[焦糖]]的气味。

乙醇酸纯品毒性较低；但由于其酸性较强，具腐蚀性，与皮肤接触时会发生严重肿痛。相关工作人员需穿戴防护用具，生产设备需严格密闭，工作场所要求通风良好。

==制备==
由[[氯乙酸]]在[[碱性]]条件下[[水解]]而得。通过先与[[甲醇]][[酯化]]产生[[乙醇酸甲酯]]，再经蒸馏和水解而纯化。
:<math>\ ClCH_2COOH+NaOH\rightarrow HOCH_2COOH+NaCl</math>
:<math>\ HOCH_2COOH+CH_3OH\rightleftharpoons HOCH_2COOCH_3+H_2O</math>
:<math>\ HOCH_2COOCH_3+NaOH\rightarrow HOCH_2COONa+CH_3OH</math>

==用途==
用作化学分析试剂、有机合成原料，例如用于生产[[乙二醇]]、[[聚羟基乙酸]]、皮革染色剂、纤维染色剂、铜蚀剂、清净剂、鞣革剂、粘合剂、金属螯合剂、电镀药剂、焊接机配料和石油破乳剂等。2％乙醇酸与1％[[甲酸]]配成的混合液，是一种高效低成本的洗涤剂，适用于清洗空调机。

由于对皮肤具有较强的穿透性，乙醇酸也用于皮肤增白护理用品等化妆品中，用作去除死皮和汗毛的药剂。

==参考资料==
{{reflist}}

==外部連結==
* [http://gmd.mpimp-golm.mpg.de/Spectrums/d53cf266-1f62-4bed-90d7-71fca7394909.aspx Glycolic acid MS Spectrum]{{Wayback|url=http://gmd.mpimp-golm.mpg.de/Spectrums/d53cf266-1f62-4bed-90d7-71fca7394909.aspx |date=20181120221059 }}
* [http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgen?HSDB Hazardous Substances Data Bank]{{Wayback|url=http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgen?HSDB |date=20181014071646 }}
* [https://caneandaustin.com/product-tag/glycolic-acid/ glycolic acid products]{{Dead link}}

{{抗痤疮制剂}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Α-羟基酸]]
[[Category:防腐剂]]
[[Category:抗痤疮制剂]]
[[Category:二碳有机物]]