查看“︁乙酸银”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 477003493
|   Name = 乙酸银
|   ImageFile = Silver acetate structure.svg
|   ImageName = Silver acetate
|   ImageFile2 = Silver acetate.jpg
|   OtherNames = 醋酸银
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
|   ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 10772
| PubChem = 11246
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 19PPS85F9H
| InChI = 1/C2H4O2.Ag/c1-2(3)4;/h1H3,(H,3,4);/q;+1/p-1
| InChIKey = CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-REWHXWOFAJ
| SMILES = CC(=O)[O-].[Ag+]
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C2H4O2.Ag/c1-2(3)4;/h1H3,(H,3,4);/q;+1/p-1
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 563-63-3
| EINECS = 209-254-9
| RTECS = AJ4100000
  }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|   Formula = AgC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>
|   MolarMass = 166.912 g/mol
|   Appearance = 米黄色固体<ref name="GESTIS">{{GESTIS|ZVG=493279|CAS=563-63-3|Datum=15. Januar 2012}}.</ref><br />有微酸性气味
|   Density = 3.259 g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name="GESTIS" />
|   Solubility = 1.02 g/100 mL(20 °C)<ref name="GESTIS" />
|   MeltingPt =
|   BoilingPt = 220 °C
|    Boiling_notes = 分解
  }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
|   Reference = <ref name="Merck">{{Merck|801504|Datum=15. Januar 2012|Name=Silberacetat}}</ref><ref name="GESTIS" />
|   EUClass = {{Hazchem Xi}} {{Hazchem N}}
|   RPhrases = {{R37/38}}, {{R41}}, {{R50}}
|   SPhrases = {{S26}}, {{S39}}, {{S61}}
|   GHSPictograms = {{GHS exclamation mark}}
|   HPhrases = {{H-phrases|315|319|335|400}}
|   PPhrases = {{P-phrases|261|273|305+351+338}}
|   LD50 = 36.7 mg/kg (小鼠)
|   NFPA-H = 1 | NFPA-F = 0 | NFPA-R = 0 }}
}}
'''乙酸银'''，又名'''醋酸银'''，是[[无机化合物]]，结构式为CH<sub>3</sub>COOAg（或AgC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>）。它是一种[[光敏感]]的白色晶状固体。它是一种有用的试剂，在实验室中作为水溶性银离子源，氧化阴离子。它已被用于一些戒烟药物中。

== 合成与结构 ==
乙酸银可以由[[乙酸]]和[[碳酸银]]在45–60 °C反应合成。冷却至室温后，产物以固体析出<ref name="ref new">{{cite journal|last=Logvinenko|first=V.|coauthors=Polunina, O.; Mikhailov, Yu; Mikhailov, K.; Bokhonov, B.|title=Study of Thermal Decomposition of Silver Acetate|journal=Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry|year=2007|volume=90|issue=3|pages=813–816|doi=10.1007/s10973-006-7883-9}}</ref>。
:<math>\mathsf{Ag_2CO_3 + 2CH_3COOH \ \xrightarrow{}\ 2AgCH_3COO + CO_2\uparrow + H_2O }</math>

它也可以在浓[[硝酸银]]水溶液中与[[乙酸钠]]作用，生成沉淀制得。

乙酸银的结构为一对乙酸配体桥接中心的两个银，形成八元Ag<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>C<sub>2</sub>环<ref>Leif P. Olson, David R. Whitcomb, Manju Rajeswaran, Thomas N. Blanton, Barbara J. Stwertka "The Simple Yet Elusive Crystal Structure of Silver Acetate and the Role of the Ag−Ag Bond in the Formation of Silver Nanoparticles during the Thermally Induced Reduction of Silver Carboxylates" Chem. Mater., 2006, volume 18, pp 1667–1674. {{DOI|10.1021/cm052657v}}</ref>。

:[[File:Solubility_of_CH3COOAg_in_CH3COOH.png|left|400px|乙酸银在乙酸中的溶解度。]]

== 反应 ==
=== 羰基 ===
乙酸银与[[一氧化碳]]（CO）一起，可以诱导伯和[[仲胺]]的[[羰基化]]。也可以使用其它银盐，但乙酸银产率最好。
:<math>\mathsf{2R_2NH + 2AgOAc + CO \ \xrightarrow{}\ [R_2N]_2CO + 2HOAc + 2Ag }</math>

=== 加氢 ===
乙酸银在吡啶溶液中吸收氢，并还原出金属银<ref name="ref 9">{{cite journal|last=Wright|first=Leon|coauthors=Well, Sol, Mills, G.A.|title=Homogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation III. Activation of Hydrogen by Cuprous and Silver Acetates in Pyridine and Dodecylamine|journal=Journal of Physical Chemistry|year=1955|volume=59|pages=1060–1064|doi=10.1021/j150532a016|url=http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/j150532a016}}</ref>。

=== 直接邻位芳基化 ===
对于苄胺和N-甲基苄胺，乙酸银在直接邻位芳基化（装在芳环上的两个相邻的取代基）中是一种有用的试剂。该反应需要钯催化，乙酸银需稍过量<ref name="ref 5">{{cite journal|last=Lazareva|first=Anna|coauthors=Daugulis|title=Olafs|journal=Direct Palladium-Catalyzed Ortho-Arylation of Benzylamines|year=2006|volume=8|pages=5211–5213|doi=10.1021/o1061919b|url=http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ol061919b}}</ref>。该反应比以前的邻位芳基化方法要短。

== 用途 ==
在医疗领域，乙酸银被用于口香糖、喷剂和含片，防止吸烟者吸烟。这些产品中的银，随着烟进入吸烟者的口腔中，使吸烟者感受到不愉快的金属味，从而阻止他们吸烟。对500名成年吸烟者超过3个月的时间测试表明，含2.5毫克乙酸银的含片有“适当的疗效”。然而，一个为期12个月的测试却失败了。1974年，乙酸银在欧洲首次作为非处方戒烟含片（Repaton）推出，三年后推出了口香糖（Tabmint）<ref name="ref 4"/>。

== 安全 ==
乙酸银对小鼠的腹腔注射LD<sub>50</sub>为36.7 mg/kg。低剂量的乙酸银使小鼠高度兴奋，[[运动失调]]，中枢神经系统受抑，呼吸困难，甚至死亡<ref name="ref 3">{{cite journal|last=Horner|first=Heidi C.|coauthors=Roebuck, B.D.; Smith, Roger P.; English, Jackson P.|title=Acute toxicity of some silver salts of sulfonamides in mice and the efficacy of penicillamine in silver poisoning|journal=Drug and Chemical Toxicology|year=1977|volume=6|pages=267–277|url=https://scifinder.cas.org/scifinder/view/scifinder/scifinderExplore.jsf|access-date=2013-01-25|archive-date=2020-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200419042439/https://scifinder.cas.org/scifinder/view/scifinder/scifinderExplore.jsf}}</ref>。美国FDA建议，醋酸银的短时摄入量应限制在756毫克；摄入过多可能会导致[[银中毒]]<ref name="ref 4">{{cite journal|last=Hymowitz|first=Norman|coauthors=Eckholdt, Haftan|title=Effects of a 2.5-mg Silver Acetate Lozenge on Initial and Long-Term Smoking Cessation|journal=Journal of Preventitive Medicine|year=1996|volume=25|pages=537–546|pmid=8888321|doi=10.1006/pmed.1996.0087|issue=5}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
 | author = E. J. Jensen, E. Schmidt, B. Pedersen, R. Dahl
 | year = 1991
 | title = Effect on smoking cessation of silver acetate, nicotine and ordinary chewing gum, Influence of smoking history
 | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_psychopharmacology_1991-08_104_4/page/470
 | journal = Psychopharmacology
 | volume = 104
 | pages = 470–474
 | doi = 10.1007/BF02245651
 | pmid = 1780416
 | issue = 4
 }}</ref>。

== 参考文献 ==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite book
 |title = Справочник химика |edition = 3-е изд., испр |editor = Редкол.: Никольский Б.П. и др. |location = Л.
 |publisher = Химия |year = 1971 |series= 2 |pages = 1168
}}
* {{cite book
 |author = Рипан Р., Четяну И. |title = Неорганическая химия. Химия металлов |location = М. |publisher = Мир
 |year = 1972 |series = 2 |pages = 871
}}

== 扩展阅读 ==
*{{cite journal
 | author = F. H. MacDougall, and S. Peterson
 | year = 1947
 | title = Equilibria in Silver Acetate Solutions
 | journal = The Journal of Physical Chemistry
 | volume = 51
 | pages = 1346–1361
 | doi = 10.1021/j150456a009
 | issue = 6
 }}

{{银化合物}}
{{乙酸盐}}

[[Category:银配合物]]
[[Category:乙酸盐]]