查看“︁乙酸性质表”︁的源代码

'''[[乙酸]]'''的一些性质如下所述。
== 基本信息 ==
* 中文名：乙酸、醋酸
* 化学式：CH<sub>3</sub>COOH、C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>
* [[CAS号]]：[[64-19-7]]
* 英文名：Acetic acid、Ethanoic acid <!-- 日文名：{{lang|ja|酢酸}} -->
* 外观：无色液体

== 结构与性质 ==

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: #FFFFFF; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
! {{chembox header}} | 结构与性质
|-
| [[折射率]], ''n''<sub>D</sub>
| 1.3716
|- 
| [[介电常数]], ε<sub>r</sub>
| 6.15 ε<sub>0</sub> at 20 °C <!-- Please omit if not applicable -->
|- 
| [[键强度]]
| ? <!-- Specify which bond. Please omit if not applicable -->
|- 
| [[键长]]
| ? <!-- Specify which bond. Please omit if not applicable -->
|- 
| [[键角]]
| ? <!-- Specify which angle, e.g. Cl-P-O. Please omit if not applicable -->
|- 
| [[磁化率]]
| ? <!-- Please omit if not applicable -->
|-
| [[表面张力]]
| 26.6 dyn/cm at 30°C
|-
| [[黏度]]<ref name="lange_1669">''Lange's Handbook of Chemistry'', 10th ed. pp 1669-1674</ref>
|
{|
| 1.222 mPa·s || at 20°C
|-
| 1.0396 mPa·s || at 30°C
|-
| 0.7956 mPa·s || at 50°C
|-
| 0.4244 mPa·s || at 110°C
|}
|-
|}

== 热力学性质 ==

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: #FFFFFF; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
! {{chembox header}} | 相性质
|-
| [[三相点]]
| 289.8 K (16.7 °C), ? Pa
|-
| [[臨界點 (熱力學)|临界点]]
| 593 K (320 °C), 57.8 bar
|-
| 与[[水]]的[[共沸点]]
| –26.7 °C
|-
| [[熔化热|标准熔化焓变]], Δ<sub>fus</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| +11.7 kJ/mol
|-
| 标准熔化熵变, Δ<sub>fus</sub>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| 40.5 J/(mol·K)
|-
| [[汽化热|标准汽化焓变]], Δ<sub>vap</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| +23.7 kJ/mol
|-
| 标准汽化熵变, Δ<sub>vap</sub>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| ? J/(mol·K)
|-
! {{chembox header}} | 固体性质
|-
| [[标准摩尔生成焓]] Δ<sub>f</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>solid</sub>
| ? kJ/mol
|-
| 标准摩尔熵, ''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>solid</sub>
| ? J/(mol K)
|-
| [[热容量]] ''c<sub>p</sub>''
| ? J/(mol K)
|-
! {{chembox header}} | 液体性质
|-
| [[标准摩尔生成焓]] Δ<sub>f</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>liquid</sub>
| &minus;483.5 kJ/mol
|-
| 标准摩尔熵<br/>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>liquid</sub>
| 158.0 J/(mol K)
|-
| [[燃烧热]], Δ<sub>c</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| –876.1 kJ/mol
|-
| [[热容量]] ''c<sub>p</sub>''
| 123.1 J/(mol K)
|-
! {{chembox header}} | 气体性质
|-
| [[标准摩尔生成焓]] Δ<sub>f</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>gas</sub>
| –438.1 kJ/mol
|-
| 标准生成熵<br/>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>gas</sub>
| 195 J/(mol K)
|-
| [[热容量]] ''c<sub>p</sub>''
| 63.4 J/(mol K)
|-
| [[范德华方程|范德华常数]]<ref name="lange1522">''Lange's Handbook of Chemistry'' 10th ed, pp 1522-1524</ref>
| a = 1782.3 L<sup>2</sup> kPa/mol<sup>2</sup><br> b = 0.1068 liter per mole
|-
|}

==液体蒸气压==

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
|-
| {{chembox header}} | '''压力（mmHg）''' || 1 || 10 || 40 || 100 || 400 || 760 || 1520 || 3800 || 7600 || 15200 || 30400|| 45600
|-
| {{chembox header}} | '''温度（°C）''' || –17.2 || 17.5 || 43.0 || 63.0 || 99.0 || 118.1 || 143.5 || 180.3 || 214.0 || 252.0 || 297.0 || &nbsp;—
|}

表中数据来自''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'' 44th ed.

{|
|
<!-- 檔案不存在 [[Image:aceticAcidVaporPressure.png|thumb|192px|left|Acetic acid vapor pressure vs. temperature. Uses formula: <math>\scriptstyle P_{mmHg}=10^{7.80307 - \frac {1651.2} {225+T}}</math> for T = 0 to 36°C

<math>\scriptstyle P_{mmHg}=10^{7.18807 - \frac {1416.7} {211+T}}</math> for T = 36 to 170°C<br>
Formula from ''Lange's Handbook of Chemistry'', 10th ed.]] ，可從英文維基百科取得 -->
|
[[Image:logAceticAcidVaporPressure.png|thumb|358px|left|log<sub>10</sub> of acetic acid vapor pressure vs. temperature. Uses formula: <math>\scriptstyle \log_{10}P_{mmHg}=7.80307 - \frac {1651.2} {225+T}</math> for T = 0 to 36°C

&nbsp;

<math>\scriptstyle \log_{10}P_{mmHg}=7.18807 - \frac {1416.7} {211+T}</math> for T = 36 to 170°C<br>
Formula from ''Lange's Handbook of Chemistry'', 10th ed.
]]
|}

==蒸馏数据==

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
|-
| bgcolor="#D0D0D0" align="center" colspan="3"| '''Vapor-liquid Equilibrium for Acetic acid/Water'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cheric.org/research/kdb/hcvle/hcvle.php|title=Binary Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data|publisher=Chemical Engineering Research Information Center|format=Queriable database|accessdate=5 May 2007|archive-date=2007-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829144547/http://www.cheric.org/research/kdb/hcvle/hcvle.php|dead-url=yes}}</ref><br>''P'' = 760&nbsp;mm Hg
|- {{chembox header}}
! rowspan="2" | 沸点（°C）
! colspan="2" | 水的摩尔分数
|- {{chembox header}}
! 液相 !! 气相
|-
| 116.5 || 2.2 || 5.8
|-
| 114.6 || 5.4 || 12.3
|-
| 113.4 || 8.6 || 16.8
|-
| 113.5 || 9.9 || 18.3
|-
| 113.1 || 10.1 || 18.8
|-
| 110.6 || 18.9 || 29.8
|-
| 107.8 || 30.3 || 43.3
|-
| 106.1 || 41.3 || 54.5
|-
| 104.4 || 52.2 || 64.9
|-
| 103.1 || 62.4 || 73.5
|-
| 102.3 || 69.6 || 79.2
|-
| 101.6 || 77.8 || 85.1
|-
| 100.8 || 87.6 || 91.4
|-
| 100.5 || 92.3 || 94.4
|-
| 100.4 || 94.5 || 96.0
|-
| 100.1 || 98.5 || 98.9
|-
|}

== 谱图数据 ==

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: #FFFFFF; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
! {{chembox header}} | [[紫外-可见分光光度法|UV-Vis]]
|-
| λ<sub>max</sub>
| 207 [[纳米|nm]]（气相）
|-
| [[摩尔消光系数|消光系数]], ε
| ? 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[红外|IR]]
|-
| 主要吸收带<ref name="aist">{{cite web|url=http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/cgi-bin/cre_index.cgi?lang=eng|title=Spectral Database for Organic Compounds|publisher=Advanced Industrial Science and Technology|format=Queriable database|accessdate=9 June 2007|archive-date=2013-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114222220/http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/cgi-bin/cre_index.cgi?lang=eng|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|
{|
|-
| colspan="2" align="center" | (liquid film)
|-
! 波数!! 透射系数
|-
| 2937&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 26%
|-
| 2684&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 41%
|-
| 2631&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 39%
|-
| 2569&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 49%
|-
| 1758&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 19%
|-
| 1714&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 4%
|-
| 1617&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 66%
|-
| 1414&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 20%
|-
| 1360&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 39%
|-
| 1294&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 12%
|-
| 1053&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 67%
|-
| 1016&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 41%
|-
| 937&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 35%
|-
| 892&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 41%
|-
| 629&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 31%
|-
| 607&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 49%
|-
| 481&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 36%
|-
| 473&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup> || 52%
|-
|}
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[核磁共振波谱法|NMR]]
|-
|  [[核磁共振氢谱|<sup>1</sup>H NMR]] <!-- Link to image of spectrum -->
| δ CDCl<sub>3</sub> 2.10 (3H), 11.42 (1H)
|-
| [[13碳核磁共振|<sup>13</sup>C NMR]]] <!-- Link to image of spectrum -->
| δ CDCl<sub>3</sub> 20.8, 178.1
|-
|其它核磁共振数据<!-- Insert special data e.g. <sup>19</sup>F chem. shifts, omit if not used -->
| &nbsp;
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[质谱法|MS]]
|-
| 主要碎片质量
| &nbsp; 60 (75%), 45 (90%),<br/>43 (100%), 42 (13%), 15 (17%) 
|-
|}

== 化学反应方程式 ==

{| class="wikitable"
! 反应物 !! 反应方程式 !! 反应条件
|-
| colspan = 3 | <center>'''酸性'''</center>
|-
| 活泼金属<BR>[[锌]]、[[铁]]等 || Zn + 2 CH<sub>3</sub>COOH → [[乙酸锌|(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>2</sub>Zn]] + H<sub>2</sub>↑<BR>Fe + 2 CH<sub>3</sub>COOH → [[乙酸亚铁|(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>2</sub>Fe]] + H<sub>2</sub>↑||
|-
| 氧化物<BR>如[[氧化镁]] || MgO + 2 CH<sub>3</sub>COOH → (CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>2</sub>Mg + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O ||
|-
| colspan = 3 | <center>'''酯化反应'''</center>
|-
| [[乙醇]] || CH<sub>3</sub>COOH + C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH → [[乙酸乙酯|CH<sub>3</sub>COOC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>]] + H<sub>2</sub>O || 酸作为催化剂
|-
|}

== 化学品安全技术说明书 ==
* [[乙酸]]的安全技术说明书（MSDS）可以参见[http://www.grand-trade.com/chemical/chemical/msds%E2%80%94%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B8.htm 此页面]{{Wayback|url=http://www.grand-trade.com/chemical/chemical/msds%E2%80%94%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B8.htm |date=20180219151208 }}。

== 参考文献 ==
{{reflist}}
*{{nist}}
*{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/S1010-6030(03)00067-4 | last1 = Orlando | first1 = John J. | last2 = Tyndall | first2 = Geoffrey S. | year = 2003 | title = Gas phase UV absorption spectra for peracetic acid, and for acetic acid monomers and dimers | url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TGY-483STKX-8&_user=10&_handle=V-WA-A-W-WW-MsSAYVW-UUW-U-AABVVDCEED-AABWUCZDED-VDWUCAVDC-WW-U&_fmt=summary&_coverDate=05%2F05%2F2003&_rdoc=5&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235267%232003%23998429997%23418946!&_cdi=5267&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=89de30203134fccccf77c80dce6b5ccf | journal = J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. | volume = 157 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 161–66 | author =  | access-date = 2018-02-19 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080524154723/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TGY-483STKX-8&_user=10&_handle=V-WA-A-W-WW-MsSAYVW-UUW-U-AABVVDCEED-AABWUCZDED-VDWUCAVDC-WW-U&_fmt=summary&_coverDate=05%2F05%2F2003&_rdoc=5&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235267%232003%23998429997%23418946!&_cdi=5267&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=89de30203134fccccf77c80dce6b5ccf | archive-date = 2008-05-24 | dead-url = yes }}
[[category:化学性质表]]